12 Jefferson and Hamilton quoted in Noble E. Cunningham, Jefferson vs. Hamilton: Confrontations That Shaped a Nation (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000) 102-3.
13 Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) is provided online via the U.S. Congress, available at: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate/farewell/ sd106-21.pdf (January 21, 2010).
14 Philip L. Barbour (ed.), The Complete Works of Captain John Smith, 1580-1631, 3 Vols. (Chapel Hilclass="underline" The University of North Carolina Press, i986) III, 274-5 ; Gouverneur Morris, speaking to the Federal Convention,
July 5, 1787, in Max Farrand, The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, 4 Vols. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1911) Vol. I, 52931.
15 Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. I, 401-2.
16 William Wells Brown, Narrative of William W. Brown, A Fugitive Slave (Boston: Anti-Slavery Society, 1847), 41-3.
17 For example, Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
18 Thomas P. Kettell, On Southern Wealth and Northern Profits (i860).
19 Ralph Waldo Emerson, Address Delivered in Concord on the Anniversary of the Emancipation of the Negroes in the British West Indies, August i, 1844, in Edward Waldo Emerson (ed.), The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911) II, 125-6.
20 Thomas Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820.
21 Abraham Lincoln, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” June 16, 1858, in Basler (ed.), Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, II, 461.
22 John C. Calhoun, Exposition and Protest, in W. Edwin Hemphill, Robert L. Meriwether, and Clyde Wilson (eds.), The Papers of John C. Calhoun 27 Vols. (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1959-2001) Vol. 10, 1825-1829, 447.
23 President Jackson’s Proclamation to the People of South Carolina of December 10, 1832 can be accessed online at: http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/ presiden/proclamations/jackoi.htm (January 26, 2010).
24 Tocqueville, Democracy in America, Vol. I, 418, 420-1.
25 Papers of John C Calhoun, Vol. XIII (1980) 394-5.
26 James Henry Hammond, Selections from the Letters and Speeches of the Hon. James H. Hammond, of South Carolina (New York: John F. Trow & Co., 1866) 311-22.
27 “Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States,” Congressional Globe, 33rd Cong., ist Session, 281-2.
28 Dred Scott v. Sandford (60 U.S. 393 (1856)) can be accessed online at: http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/landmark/dredscott.html (January 25, 2010).
29 Abraham Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” in Basler, Collected Works, VIII, 332.
30 Emerson, Address Delivered in Concord on the Anniversary of the Emancipation of the Negroes in the British West Indies.
31 Abraham Lincoln, “Speech at Chicago, Illinois,” July 10, 1858, in Basler, Collected Works, II, 484-500.
Chapter 6: Westward the Course of Empire: From Union to Nation
1 Seward’s 1858 address can be read in full at: http://www.nyhistory.com/ central/conflict.htm (February 10, 2010).
2 Morse and 1861 message both quoted in Jill Lepore, A is for American: Letters and Other Characters in the Newly United States (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002) 10, 154.
3 Abraham Lincoln, “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, i86i,in Roy Basler (ed.), The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ii Vols. (New Brunswick, NJ.: Rutgers University Press, 1953) Vol. IV, 438.
4 New York (Daily) Tribune, November 27, i860.
5 New Orleans Daily Picayune, June 29 and 26, i86i.
6 William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T.O.H.P. Burnham, 1863) 467-8, 470.
7 Joseph E. Johnston quoted in John G. Nicolay, The Outbreak of Rebellion (i88i. Reprint. New York: Da Capo Press, 1995) 211.
8 Samuel Fiske (14th Connecticut) and diarist from 9th Pennsylvania, both
quoted in Stephen Sears, Landscape Turned Red: The Battle of Antietam
(1983. Paperback Reprint. New York: Warner Books, 1985) 347.
9 Seward’s speech was delivered on March ii, 1850. It can be accessed at: http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Speeches_ Seward_NewTerritories.htm (February 20, 2010).
10 George Templeton Strong’s diary entry March ii, i86i, in Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas (eds.), The Diary of George Templeton Strong, 4 Vols (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1952) III, 109.
11 Howell Cobb to James A. Seddon, January 8, 1865, “Georgia and the Confederacy,” The American Historical Review, Vol. i, i (October 1895): 97102, 97-8.
12 John Murray Forbes to Charles Sumner, December 27, 1862, in Sarah Forbes Hughes (ed.), Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes, 2 Vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1899) I: 3 50-i.
13 Eva B. Jones to Mrs. Mary Jones, July 14, 1865, in Robert Manson Myers, The Children of Pride: a True Story of Georgia and the Civil War, Abridged Edition (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984) 554.
14 Niles’ Weekly Register, November 28, 1835.
15 Nicholas Faith, The World the Railways Made (London: Pimlico, 1990) 67.
16 Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Young American,” 1844, in Joel Porte (ed.), Essays and Lectures by Ralph Waldo Emerson (New York: Library of America, 1983) 211, 213-4.
17 George Berkeley, “Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America,” written in 1726, published 1752, in Rexmond C. Cochrane, “Bishop Berkeley and the Progress of Arts and Learning: Notes on a Literary Convention,” The Huntington Library Quarterly, 17:3 (May, 1954): 22949, 230.
18 Henry Benjamin Whipple, Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1912) 105.
19 Whipple, Lights and Shadows, 124.
20 Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1865, in Basler (ed.), Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, VIII, 333.
21 Lincoln, “Address Delivered at the Dedication of the Cemetery at Gettysburg,” November 19, 1863, in Basler (ed.), Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, VII, 19.
22 Kimball H. Dimmick, September 5, 1849 in Report of the Debates in the Convention of California on the Formation of the State Constitution (Washington: John H. Towers, 1850) 23.
23 Bayard Taylor, “What is an American?” The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 35, No. 211 (May 1875) pp. 561-567, quotations pp. 562, 565-6.
24 Oliver Wendell Holmes, The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858): 18.
Chapter 7: A Promised Land: Gateway to the American Century
1 New York Times, May 15, 1864.
2 John Murray Forbes to Charles Sumner, August 10, 1872, in Sarah Forbes Hughes (ed.), Letters and Recollections of John Murray Forbes, 2 Vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1899) II: 178-9.
3 Hiram C. Whitley, In It (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1894) 104.
4 J. S. Pike, First Blows of the Civil War: The Ten Years of Preliminary Conflict in the United States, From 1850 to i860 (New York, 1879) 481, 511; The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1874) 12-13.
5 Horace Bushnell, Barbarism the First Danger (New York: American Home Missionary Society, 1847) 16-17.
6 Whitley, In It, 5 , i74-5 .
7 U. S. Grant to the Senate, January 13, 1875, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, John Y. Simon (ed.), Vol. 26: 1875 (Carbondale, 111: Southern Illinois University Press, 2003) 6-7, xi-xii.
8 United States vs. Cruikshank (92 U.S. 542 (1875), available at: http:// supreme.justia.com/us/92/542/case.html (March 20, 20i0).