Civil rights movement (cont.)
Watts riots, 353 women in. (See Women)
Woolworth lunch counter protest, 343 Civil War
African American exodus, 183-184 African American motivations, 195 arming of slaves during, 182 Border States, 183 disease effects on, 13-14 First Bull Run/Manassas, 177, 179 focusing of American identity by, 180-182 Gettysburg, 266
legacy, 194-195, 199, 207, 255-256 map of, i8if morale issues in, 179-180 Native American motivations, 195-196 patriotic propaganda, 330 preservation of union basis, 176-177 public opinion on, 177-179 Sanitary Fairs, 330 slavery as principle in, 106, 169-171,
173-174, 183. (See also Slavery) sustaining military support during, 180 Thirteenth Amendment, 192-194 Civil War Centennial, 343-345 Class war, 279-281 Clay, Henry, 157-158, 412-414, 424 Clean Air Act, 364-365 Cleveland, Grover, 230, 23if Clinton, William J., 374-375 Cobb, Howell, 182
Coercive (Intolerable) Acts of 1774, 100, 101-103, 109 COINTELPRO, 348 Cold War
beginning of, 328-329 economic strategy, 329 Eisenhower Doctrine, 339 ending of, 364 fear as basis of, 354-355 hiatus in, 336
Hungary anti-Communist uprising,
339
kitchen debate, Nixon/Krushchev, 342 Korean War, 336, 337f Middle East, 339 military-industrial complex development, 353-355 patriotic propaganda, 329-330, 33if Red Scare (McCarthyism), 330-334
Suez Crisis, 339 Truman Doctrine, 329 Colfax Massacre, 214-216 Collier, John, 307-308 Columbian exchange, 12-13 Columbus, Christopher, 12-13 Commission on Civil Rights, 335-336 Committee on Public Information (CPI),
275
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, 310 Common Sense (Paine), 71, 97, 103-104, 106-107
Communism, 203-204. See also Cold War Confederate States of America arming of slaves by, 182 army, challenges to, 179 artistic portrayal of by Northern interests, i75f, i78f citizenship definitions in, 173 Constitutional basis of, 172-173 Constitution on slavery, 173-174 defeat, artistic portrayals of, i93f formation of, 172, i78f slavery as cornerstone of, 173-174, i75f, i78f
succession of states from Union,
I74-I76 Confessions of a Nazi Spy, 309 Conflict as unifying force, 266-267. See also Identity (American) formation Connecticut
establishment of, 72 Fundamental Orders (1639), 77 legislative structure in, 77 overview, 74t
penalty for going native in, 60 retention of local control in, 80 Constitution
in American identity formation, 136 Bill of Rights, i42-i43f, 203 centralized power debate generally,
I38-I39 citizenship definitions in, 173 Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist perspectives on,139-141 fugitive slave clause, 135 origins of, 134
ratification of, 137-138, i42f separation of powers in, 134-135 slavery issue in, 135, 139, 170 state vs. federal rights in, 172-173
Continental Army
black regiment formation, ii6 conditions in, 123 militias in, 122 refusal of blacks by, ii6 Coolidge, Calvin, 281, 291 Cooper, Anthony Ashley (Earl of Shaftsbury), 73, 77-78 Cooper, Mary, 87-88 Cornwallis, Charles, 126 Cortes, Hernan, 14-15 Cowboys, 232-233 The Crack of Doom (Cromie), 33if Crane, Stephen, 225 Crazy Horse, 203
Creationism vs. evolution debate, 294-295 Credit cards, 342
Crevecoeur, John Hector St. John de, 81-82 Cromie, Robert, 33if Cruikshank, United States vs., 216 Cuba, 252f, 251-252, 254-255f, 256-257 Cummings, E. E., 287 Currency Act of 1764, 100 Currency debate, 243 Curtin, Jeremiah, io-ii Custer, George Armstrong, 203 Czolgosz, Leon, 242
Daisy commercial censorship, 350-351 Dakota War (Great Sioux Uprising), 191 Davis, Bette, 296-297 Davis, James J., 291 Davis, Jefferson, 246f Dawes (General Allotment) Act of 1887, 239, 307-308 Debs, Eugene V., 246f, 272, 279 The Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India (Eden), 18-19 Declaration of Independence Lincoln on, 170 preamble, 7
on slavery, 108-109, 170-171 text, origins of, 95 as vision statement, 105-106 Declaration of Sentiments, 268 Declaration of the Causes and Necessities of Taking up Arms, 118-119, 124-125 Declaratory Act of 1766, 101 Delaware
as Border State, 183
overview, 74t
retention of local control in, 80 settlement of, 75 Demerara Rebellion, 154 Democratic convention 1964, 349 Democratic Party, racist views of, 206, 209f, 2I9f Democratic-Republicans, 150-151 De Orbe Novo (On the New World) (Anghiera), 18-19 Department of Defense, 354 Department of Homeland Security, 377 Department of Labor, 261-262 Dickinson, John, 97 Dimmick, Kimball H., 197 A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission (Mayhew), 95-96 Disraeli, Benjamin, 280 Doddridge, Joseph, 121 Dominion of New England creation of, 78 purpose of, 79f, 78-79, 80 rights of colonial assembly limitation by, 80
Dos Passos, John, 276, 279-280, 287 Douglas, Stephen A., 169, 415-416 Douglass, Frederick, 195, 221, 273,
4i6-4i7
Dr. Strangelove, 33if Draft (Armed Services), 279, 310. See also Armed Forces Dred Scott v. Sandford, 168, 174, i75f, 24of
Du Bois, W.E.B., 2i9f, 273-274, 417-418 Dudley, Joseph, 89-90 Dyer, Mary, 58, 75 Dylan, Bob, 357-358
Easter Rebellion, 154 E.C. Knight Co., United States vs., 233-234
Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, 329 Economic Opportunity Act of i964,
358-359 Eden, Richard, 18-19 Edison, Thomas, 297 Eight Decades (Anghiera), 18-19 Eighteenth Amendment, 285^ 284-285, 286
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 323, 334, 339,
340 354 Eisenhower Doctrine, 339
Electricity, 283, 304
Elizabeth I, 19
Elliot, John, 57
Elliot, T. S., 287
Ellsberg, Daniel, 366
“Emancipation” (Nast), i93f
Emancipation Proclamation, 182-183,
i93f
Emergency Quota Act of 1921, 292 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 148-149,
156-157, 169-170, 186 Empire State Building, 282f Endangered Species Act, 364-365 Enforcement Acts, 210, 2i5f England. See also specific colonies
assertions of control over Colonies by,
98
attitude towards colonies, 73, 78, 85-86,
i09
expansionist views generally, 18-19 Ireland, conquest of, 19-20 motivations for colonization, 21-23,
24-^ 32 73-75;> 80 perceptions of land use in, 32-33 perceptions of other cultures by, 19-20 rationalization of colonization by,
32-33, 37 Restoration colony establishment by, 73 rights of colonial assembly limitation by, 80
Spanish competition, conflict with,
89
tobacco revenues in, 44
trade protection enactment by, 73, 78,
8i
Utopian ideal, 32 English Bill of Rights, 143 The Enormous Room (Cummings), 287 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
364-365
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 346-347 Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 371 Escobedo vs. Illinois, 352-353 Espionage Act of 1917, 272 Eugenics, 292, 293-294 European settlers. See also specific countries, colonies American origins myth, 11-12 Columbian exchange, 12-13 competition, conflict among, 14-15
depiction of indigenous peoples by, 16-18,24-27 exploitation, conversion of indigenous peoples by, 15, 29, 37, 46-47, 148 going native by, 60, 71-72 printing, map-making effects on, 15-16, i7f, 77-78 Evers, Medgar, 344-345 Evolution vs. creationism debate, 294-295 Exeter Compact of 1639, 77 Expansion: Under New World-Conditions (Strong), 258 Exploitation, conversion of indigenous peoples Maryland, 60 Massachusetts, 60, 62-63 in New England, 60, 62-63 overview, 15, 29, 37, 46-47, 148 as slavery, 15
Virginia (Jamestown), 37, 44, 60, 63-65
Family Assistance Plan, 365
A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway), 287
Fascism, fears of, 306-307
Fast Food Nation (Schlosser), 263
Faubus, Orval Eugene, 338-339
Federal Children’s Bureau, 261-262