256-257 Pulitzer, Joseph, 252f Pullman strike of 1894, 236 Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, 263 Puritanism described, 50
Great Migration, 52-53, 54f, 77 Purnell, Fred S., 291-292
Quakers, 58, 75, iii Quartering Act of 1765, 100, 121 Queen Anne’s War (War of the Spanish Succession), 83, 89
Racism. See also Segregation
barbarism threat, 211, 220f, 217-221, 222
Enforcement Acts, 1870s, 210 eugenics. (See Eugenics) eugenics as basis, 292 Freedmen’s Bureau, 209-210 Grant, anti-racism policies, 206 KKK. (See Ku Klux Klan) lynching, 209f, 220f, 217-221, 222,
337-338 Myrdal report, 334-335 personal experiences of, 205-206 post-1920, 288, 289f, 290-291 post-emancipation politics, 209-211, 222 race riots, 325 religion interactions, 336 sharecropping, 207-209 Radio, 297
Railroad Strike of 1877, 236 Railways
construction of, 189 development, 185, 234-235 Emerson on, 186 legislation, 189 political, practical issues, 189 public perceptions of, 186 symbolism of, 185, 202f
Ralegh, Walter, 18-19, 20-22, 23-24. See also Virginia (Jamestown)
Ranch Life and the Hunting Trail (Roosevelt), 257 Ravage, Marcus Eli, 229, 23if Reagan, Ronald, 369, 425-427 The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World’s Columbian Ex-position (Wells), 221 Reconstruction
African American naturalization, 194 African American voting right removal, 209f, 213-214, 216, 2I9f barbarism threat, 211, 220f, 217-221, 222
centennial celebrations, 201 Colfax Massacre, 214-216 crime, corruption issues, 209-210, 211-213, 227-228 Fourteenth Amendment, 194 as Gilded Age, 198-199 Jim Crow laws, 216-217 lynchings, 209f, 220f, 217-221, 222 national identity formation, 198, 201-204
Native American relations, 203, 217 overview, 194
racial retrenchment, 213-214, 2i5f,
216, 2I9f, 222 racism. (See Racism)
reality of life for African Americans. (See Racism)
restrictions on Southern states, 199 slavery’s redefinition under, 199-201 United States vs. Cruikshank, 216 Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), 301-302 The Redeemed Captive Returning to Zion (Williams), 90 Red Scare (McCarthyism), 330-334 Red Scare (socialism)
labor strikes in, 280-281 legislation against generally, 279 Palmer raids, 280-281 Sacco and Vanzetti case, 279-280 Schenck vs. United States, 279, 422 United States vs. The Spirit of ’76, 279 Religious conversion of indigenous
peoples. See Exploitation, conversion of indigenous peoples Remington, Frederic, 257
Republicans, 164
Resettlement Administration, 305f Revere, Paul, i02f, ii8f, 117-118 Revolutionary War
basis of, 100, 106, 118-119 Battle of Camden, 122, 126 Battle of Saratoga, 124-125 Battle of Trenton, 122-123 Bunker Hill, 122
challenges following, i27f, 129-130,
i33f
civilian service in, 121
colonial perspectives on, 119-120
first year defeats of, 122
France as American ally in, 124-125
freedom as inducement for slaves, ii6
ideals, conflicts generally, 6-7, 117-118,
i20
lack of colonial union in, 122, 125, i27f
Loyalists in, 126-128 Minuteman ideal, i2if, 120-121 myths of, 117
patriotism, rewards for, 128-129 practical considerations, 119, 123 progress of, 1778-1780, 126 Valley Forge, PA, i24f, 123-124 Yorktown, 126 Rhode Island
establishment of, 72 legislative structure in, 77 overview, 74t religious freedom in, 55 retention of local control in, 80 Ribault, Jean, 20 Riis, Jacob, 226-227f The Rise of Silas Lapham (Howell), 225 Roanoke Island settlement, 20-22, 23-24 Rockefeller, John D., 233-234, 235 Rockwell, Norman, 3i7f, 316-317, 318 Roe vs. Wade, 372f, 371-372, 373 Rolfe, John, 30-31 Rollling Stones, 357-358 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano biography of, 428-429 death of, 327-328 first principles reassertion, 303 Four Freedoms, Arsenal of Democracy ideas, 314-316 New Deal. (See New Deal) presidential campaign, 302-303
on racial discrimination, 314, 3i5f in WWII. (See World War II)
Roosevelt, Theodore biography of, 427-428 Great White Fleet, 264, 265f military service, 256-257 nationalism philosophy, 258 New Nationalism concept, 264,
265-266
presidential election 1896, 242-243 presidential election 1912, 265-266 as rancher, 257
“soldier’s faith” philosophy, 256,
266-267
strenuous life doctrine, 257-258 “true Americanism” concept, 260-261 Rosenberg, Julius/Ethel, 333 Rowlandson, Mary, 62 Rush, Benjamin, 130, 132-134, 429-430 Ryan, Abram Joseph, 200-20if
Sacco, Nicola, 279-280 Saint-Domingue uprising, 154 Salem witchcraft trials, 84-85, 86f Sand Creek Massacre, 238 Sandford, Dred Scott v., 168, 174, i75f, 24of
Sanger, Margaret, 293-294, 430-431 Sassamon, John, 61 Schenck, Charles, 279 Schenck vs. United States, 279, 422 Schlafly, Phyllis, 371 Schlosser, Eric, 263 Scopes Trial, 294-295 Scott, Dred, 168, 174, i75f, 24of Seattle labor strike, 280-281 Second Charter of Virginia, 45 Second Party System, i6i, 164 The Second Treatise of Civil Government (Locke), 32-33, 95, 97 Sedition Act of 1918, 272 Segregation. See also Racism
African American voting right removal, 213-214, 216, 2I9f Armed Forces, WWII, 313-314, 318, 323
Armed Forces desegration, 336, 337f as comprising national creed, 314, 3i5f consequences of challenges to, 217 Jim Crow laws, 216-217 Kerner Report, 360-362
lynchings, 209f, 22of, 217-221, 222 in New Deal, 308 support for, 1964, 349 Selective Service and Training Act, 310 Selma to Montgomery March, 351, 352 Seneca Falls Convention, 267-268 Separate but equal doctrine, 216-217,
335-337 September ii, 2001 attacks, 376f,
376-378 Settlement houses, 262 Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War), 83, 97-98 Seward, William, 176, 180 The Shame of the Cities (Steffens), 227-228, 263 Sharecropping, 207-209 Shay’s Rebellion, 131-132 Sherman Antitrust Act, 233-234, 235 Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (Las Casas), 16-18, i8f Shute, Nevil, 33if Sickles, Dan, 243 Sioux Nation, 190, 191, 203 Sitting Bull, 203
Skyscrapers, 282f, 281-282, 283 Slavery
abolition movement. (See Abolition movement) abolition of post-Civil War, 192-194 abolition of post-Revolutionary War, I3I
African, origins of, 16-18, 66, 83 American perspectives on, 169-170 artistic portrayals of, i93f as balance of power issue, 165-166 Constitution on, 135, 139, 170 Demerara Rebellion, 154 development of, 66, 81 Douglass on, 416-417 Easter Rebellion, 154 economic impacts of, 154-157 exploitation, conversion of indigenous peoples. (See Exploitation, conversion of indigenous peoples) as issue, 135, 139, 154-159 Jefferson on, 107-109, 157 northern vs. southern program for, 144-146
percentage of population trends, 94 Portugal in, 12
Slavery (cont.)
reality of slave’s lives, ii0f, 109-110,
iii, i55f, 156 resettlement back to Africa, 164, 424 rights of slaves, 168 Saint-Domingue uprising, 154 taxation of, 108
tobacco in development of, 68f, 67-68,
69f, 70
as way of life in America, 106, 111-112 Smallpox, 13-14, 87-88, 113 Smith, John, 30-31, 152 Socialist Party, 279 Social Security Act of 1935, 306 “Soldier’s faith” philosophy, 256, 266-267 The Souls of Black Folk (Du Bois), 2i9f,
4i7-4i8 South Carolina
establishment of, 73 Fundamental Constitutions, 77-78 Negro Act of 1740, 114 overview, 74t
post-emancipation politics, 210-211 slave, immigrant population increase in,
93
slave control laws in, 113-114 slavery in generally, 112-113, ii5f Stono Rebelliion, 113 succession of, 174-176 tariff issue in, 159-160 Southern Horrors (Wells), 221-222 Southern Ideas of Liberty, i63f Southwest Ordinance of 1790, 144-146 Soviet Union, 328-329, 339. See also Cold
War
Space race, 340, 364, 367 Spain
brutality, depictions of, 16-18, 19-20 decline of influence in North America,
47
English competition, conflict with,
89
Spanish-American war, 252f, 251-252,