26. Letter from Captain S. Reed to Frank O. Braynard, October 16, 1969, as quoted in Braynard, The World’s Greatest Ship, vol. 5, pp. 363–64.
27. Braynard, The World’s Greatest Ship, vol. 5, pp. 8–9.
28. Interview of Norman Zippler by Frank O. Braynard, November 26, 1969, as quoted in Frank O. Braynard, The World’s Greatest Ship: The Story of the Leviathan, vol. 4 (Newport News, VA: Mariners’ Museum, 1978), p. 364.
29. Kaempffert, “The Race for Ocean Supremacy.”
30. Foerster, “Speed and Power of Ships,” p. 259.
31. Ibid., p. 260.
32. Richard Austin Smith, “The Love Affair of William Francis Gibbs,” Fortune, August 1957, p. 153.
33. Braynard, By Their Works Ye Shall Know Them, pp. 191, 195.
34. Theodore E. Ferris, “Design of American Super Liners,” Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 39 (1931), p. 327.
35. John Emery, “Theodore Ferris: Portrait of a Naval Architect,” PowerShips, no. 275 (Fall 2010), p. 20.
36. Ferris, “Design of American Super Liners,” p. 341.
37. Ibid., p. 348.
38. Ibid., p. 349.
39. John M. Franklin. Recollections of My Life (Baltimore: Reese Press, 1973), p. 38.
40. “Huge Ship Merger May Unite 12 Lines,” New York Times, October 9, 1931.
41. John J. Miller, Acting Director of Finances, United States Maritime Commission, to Haskins & Sells, February 11, 1937, RG 178, Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission, File 130-29, Box 926, HM 2005, National Archives, College Park, MD.
12. DEATH BY FIRE
1. Tragic Disaster Which Befell the American Liner “Morro Castle,” British Pathé Limited newsreel, September 17, 1934, www.britishpathe.com, accessed September 19, 2008.
2. Ibid.
3. Brian Hicks, When the Dancing Stopped: The Real Story of the Morro Castle and Its Deadly Wake (New York: Free Press, 2006), p. 163.
4. Morro Castle Aftermath, British Pathé Limited newsreel, September 20, 1934, www.britishpathe.com, accessed September 19, 2008.
5. Hicks, When the Dancing Stopped, p. 89.
6. Harold B. Burton, The Morro Castle: Tragedy at Sea (New York: Viking Press, 1973), p. 151.
7. Hicks, When the Dancing Stopped, p. 103.
8. “Lack of Discipline in Emergency Contributed to Morro Castle Disaster,” Marine Engineering and Shipping Age, October 1934, p. 386.
9. Franklin D. Mooney, as quoted in ibid., p. 387.
10. Ibid.
11. Hicks, When the Dancing Stopped, pp. 218, 283.
12. Ibid., p. 212.
13. “Saturnalia,” Time, July 1, 1935, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770043,00.html, accessed September 1, 2008.
14. Hicks, When the Dancing Stopped, p. 209.
15. Theodore Ferris, as interviewed by Durward Primrose, editor of Marine Journal, as quoted in Burton, The Morro Castle, p. 180.
13. FDR’S NEW NAVY
1. “Good, Very Good!” Time, August 28, 1934, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,930095,00.html, accessed October 7, 2008.
2. Ibid.
3. Gregory Norris, “The Race for the Blue Riband,” presentation given at the annual meeting of the SS United States Conservancy, Long Beach, CA, May 3, 2008.
4. Frank O. Braynard, The World’s Greatest Ship: The Story of the Leviathan, vol. 6 (King’s Point, NY: American Merchant Marine Academy, n.d.), p. 109.
5. Harvey Ardman, “The Ship That Died of Carelessness,” American Heritage, December 1983, http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1983/1/1983_1_60.shtml, accessed October 15, 2008.
6. Interview of Norman Zippler by Frank O. Braynard, November 26, 1969, cited in Braynard, The World’s Greatest Ship: The Story of the Leviathan, vol. 3 (New York: Fort Schuyler Press, 1976), p. 106.
7. John Maxtone-Graham, Normandie (New York: Norton, 2006), p. 65.
8. Investigation of the Progress of the War Effort: Hearings Before the Committee on Naval Affairs, House of Representatives, Seventy-Eighth Congress, Second Session, Pursuant to H.Res.30 A Resolution Authorizing and Directing an Investigation of the Progress of the War Effort (Gibbs & Cox, Incorporated), Volume 5, May 8 and 9th, 1944 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1944), p. 3976.
9. Alva Johnson, “The Mysterious Mr. Gibbs—II,” Saturday Evening Post, January 27, 1945, p. 98.
10. Dorothy Marckwald, as quoted in Gordon R. Ghareeb, “A Woman’s Touch: The Seagoing Interiors of Dorothy Marckwald,” undated article, The Ocean Press, Steamship Historical Association of America—South California Chapter, http://home.pacbell.net/steamer/sshsa_socal.html, accessed August 11, 2009.
11. Frank O. Braynard, By Their Works Ye Shall Know Them: The Life and Ships of William Francis Gibbs 1886–1967 (New York: Gibbs & Cox, 1968), p. 190.
12. Vice Admiral Harold G. Bowen, Ship Machinery and Mossbacks: The Autobiography of a Naval Engineer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1954), p. 60.
13. Ibid., pp. 32–33.
14. Ibid., p. 56.
15. Ibid., p. 58.
16. Ibid., p. 60.
17. Investigation of the Progress of the War Effort, p. 3973.
18. William Hovgaard, “Biographical Memoir of David Watson Taylor, 1864–1940,” National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Biographical Memoirs, vol. 22, 7th memoir, presented to the academy at the annual meeting, 1941, p. 137.
19. Ibid., p. 143.
20. Interview with William Garzke Jr., March 9, 2008.
21. Investigation of the Progress of the War Effort, pp. 3973–74.
22. Ibid., pp. 3977–77.
23. Frances Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew (New York: Harper Colophon, 1946), p. 33.
24. Bowen, Ship Machinery and Mossbacks, p. 60.
25. Alva Johnson, “The Mysterious Mr. Gibbs—III,” Saturday Evening Post, February 3, 1945, p. 84.
26. Bowen, Ship Machinery and Mossbacks, p. 69.
27. Braynard, By Their Works Ye Shall Know Them, p. 191.
28. George Home, “Designer Keeps New Superliner a Structural Mystery to the World,” New York Times, May 13, 1949.
29. James H. Davidson to William Francis Gibbs, June 1936, as quoted in Braynard, By Their Works Ye Shall Know Them, p. 63.
30. Bowen, Ship Machinery and Mossbacks, p. 85.
31. Ibid., p. 102.
32. Frederic C. Lane, Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the U.S. Maritime Commission (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001), p. 99.