27. Frank O. Braynard, “Captions for the illustrations for United States book, #4,” ca. 1980, Frank O. Braynard Collection, Sea Cliff, NY, courtesy of Noelle Hollander.
28. Memorandum from Attorney General James P. McGranery to President Harry Truman, December 4, 1952, p. 76, from The Case of the United States Lines Company, vol. 1, box 2, Robert L. Dennison Papers, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, MO.
29. Inquiry into the Operations of the Maritime Commission, Fourth Intermediary Report of the Committee on Expenditures, 81st Congress, 1st Session, House Report No. 1423, October 13, 1949, p. 11, from The Case of the United States Lines Company, vol. 1, box 2, Robert L. Dennison Papers, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, MO.
30. George Horne, “Liner United States Is Beautiful, Fast, Powerful, and Broke,” New York Times, September 21, 1969.
31. “Ready to Ratify Superliner Pact,” New York Times, April 4, 1949.
32. Frank O. Braynard and Robert Hudson Westover, S.S. United States: Fastest Ship in the World (Paducah, KY: Turner, 2002), p. 36.
33. William Francis Gibbs, “The SS United States,” delivered at the 1953 Medal Day Meeting, October 21, 1952, in acceptance of the Franklin Medal, Journal of the Franklin Institute, ca. 1953, p. 549, Mariners’ Museum, Newport News, VA.
34. William Francis Gibbs, “The Superliner,” Compass Points no. 4 (April 1949), p. 8, collection of Susan Caccavale.
35. Smith, “The Love Affair of William Francis Gibbs,” p. 160.
36. As quoted in Kevin D. McFarland and David L. Roll, Louis Johnson and the Arming of America: The Roosevelt and Truman Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005), p. 178.
37. Inquiry into the Operations of the Maritime Commission with Particular Reference to Allowances for National Defense Features and Construction-Differential Subsidies Under Title V of the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, as Amended, Based on the Special Report of the Comptroller, Fourth Intermediate Report of the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949), p. 31, Robert L. Dennison Papers, vol. 1, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library, Independence, MO.
38. Ibid., p. 47.
39. Ibid., p. 11.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
42. Memorandum from William Francis Gibbs to Frederic H. Gibbs, July 27, 1949, 12201 SI-I (16-13400) Confidential, Subject: Design 12201—S.S. United States—Design Particulars and Information, January 24, 1950 Edition, Revised to June 27, 1950, March 19, 1951, and April 24, 1951, vol. 1 of 2, p. 86, VM383 U5 G52, p. 78, Mariners’ Museum Library, Newport News, VA.
43. Raymond Foster Options, Ltd., The S.S. United States: From Dream to Reality (Newport News, VA: Mariners’ Museum, 1992).
18. A MIGHTY SWEET BABY RISES
1. Raymond Foster Options, Ltd., The S.S. United States: From Dream to Reality (Newport News, VA: Mariners’ Museum, 1992).
2. C. B. Palmer, “The Building of the S.S. United States,” New York Times Magazine, n.d. (ca. 1951), p. 15, Mariners’ Museum, Newport News, VA.
3. “Design and Construction of the Superliner United States,” reprinted from the September 1952 issue of Marine Engineering and Shipping Review, p. 20, collection of Lawrence W. Ward.
4. Palmer, “The Building of the S.S. United States,” p. 15.
5. Interview with Lawrence W. Ward, August 7, 2008.
6. Interview of Susan Caccavale by Steven Ujifusa, April 2, 2009.
7. Record of the Proceedings at Presentation of Medals by Mr. W. F. Gibbs to Members of the Staff at Gibbs & Cox, Inc., Whose Efforts Contributed to the Design and Construction of the S.S. United States, Making Possible a World Record-Breaking Maiden Voyage by the Ship, Ceremonies Held at Downtown Athletic Club, Monday, December 14, 1953, and in Gibbs & Cox 11th Floor Exhibition Room, 21 West Street, Monday, June 7, 1954, p. 14, collection of Susan Caccavale.
8. Interview of Susan Caccavale by Steven Ujifusa, April 2, 2009.
9. John R. Kane, “The Speed of the SS United States,” Marine Technology 15, no. 2 (April 1978), p. 123.
10. Memorandum from William Francis Gibbs to Frederic Gibbs, May 12, 1947, 12201 SI-I (16-13400) Confidential, Subject: Design 12201—S.S. United States—Design Particulars and Information, January 24, 1950 Edition, Revised to June 27, 1950, March 19, 1951, and April 24, 1951, vol. 1 of 2, p. 96, VM383 U5 G52, p. 410, Mariners’ Museum Library, Newport News, VA.
11. Record of the Proceedings at Presentation of Medals, p. 14.
12. Newport News Daily Press, August 14, 1950, as quoted in Frank Braynard and Robert Hudson Westover, S.S. United States: Fastest Ship in the World (Paducah, KY: Turner, 2002), p. 40.
13. Braynard and Westover, S.S. United States, p. 43.
14. Walter Hamshar, “U.S. Will Pay Building Costs on Superliner,” New York Herald Tribune, October 29, 1950.
15. Kevin D. McFarland and David L. Roll, Louis Johnson and the Arming of America: The Roosevelt and Truman Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005), p. 343.
16. Braynard and Westover, S.S. United States, p. 43.
17. W. MacDonald, “Ships Lead Marine,” publication unknown, ca. November 1950, Frank O. Braynard Collection, Sea Cliff, NY.
18. Interview of Tom Paris in Raymond Foster Options, Ltd. The S.S. United States.
19. “SS United States Scrapbook,” Richmond Times-Dispatch, February 18, 1951, Mariners’ Museum, Newport News, VA.
20. Interview of Tom Paris in Raymond Foster Options, Ltd. The S.S. United States.
21. Memorandum from William Francis Gibbs to Frederic H. Gibbs, December 14, 1950, 12201 SI-I (16-13400) Confidential, Subject: Design 12201—S.S. United States—Design Particulars and Information, January 24, 1950 Edition, Revised to June 27, 1950, March 19, 1951, and April 24, 1951, vol. 1 of 2, pp. 1–678-B, VM383 U5 G52, p. 1091, Mariners’ Museum Library, Newport News, Virginia.
22. Bill Lee, “A Lesson for Mr. Gibbs: How the Famous Naval Architect got Up-Staged on his Uptakes,” Newport News Apprentice School, Northrup Grumman Shipbuilding, Newport News, VA, November 2003, http://www.nnapprentice.com/alumni/letter/Apprentice_Trivia_120903.pdf, accessed March 26, 2009.
23. “World’s Largest Stacks,” Shipyard Bulletin, S.S. United States Issue, Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, vol. 14, no. 4 (May–June 1951), p. 12, collection of Susan Caccavale.
24. Interview of Tom Paris in Raymond Foster Options, Ltd. The S.S. United States.
25. Palmer, “The Building of the S.S. United States,” p. 15.
26. Richmond Times-Dispatch, Sunday, February 18, 1951, and “News Release: Newport News Ship Building and Dry Dock Company, Virginia,” June 21, 1952, S.S. United States Collection, Mariners’ Museum, Newport News, VA.
27. Ibid.
19. AMERICAN MODERNE
1. Memorandum from William Francis Gibbs to Frederic H. Gibbs, April 30, 1951, 12201 SI-I (16-13400) Confidential, Subject: Design 12201—S.S. United States—Design Particulars and Information, January 24, 1950 Edition, Revised to June 27, 1950, March 19, 1951, and April 24, 1951, vol. 1 of 2, pp. 1–678-B, VM383 U5 G52, p. 8A-6, Mariners’ Museum Library, Newport News, VA.