Red Terror, xi, 400, 525, 527, 531, 534, 535–6, 547, 563, 564, 591, 630–2, 641–9, 653, 660, 677, 678, 696, 707; social origins, 520–36, 630–1, 812
Red weddings and funerals, 747–8, 751
Reed, John, 369, 474, 486–7, 492, 493, 497, 537
Reissner, Larissa, 761
Rennenkampf, General von, 255, 256
Repin, Ilya 179, 348
Republican Centre, 443
Revolution of 1905, 173–203, 207, 208, 209–10, 314, 699; ‘Bloody Sunday’ (St Petersburg), 173–80, 185, 186, 192; Moscow uprising, 200–1, 202
Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR), 592, 594, 696, 794
Revolutionary names, 747–8
Revolutionary Tribunals, 534, 563
Riabushinsky family, 163, 247, 273, 369, 820
Riazan’, 463, 596, 600, 621
Riga, 185, 441, 459, 475; Treaty of (1921), 703
Rodchenko, Alexander, 736, 738, 739
Rodichev, Fedor, 338, 448, 509, 681
Rodzianko, Mikhail, 9–10, 34, 248, 252, 263, 326, 334, 341, 342, 345, 443, 446, 480, 559
Rokossovsky, Marshal Konstantin, 264
Rolland, Romain, 402, 773, 808, 819
Romania, 281, 573, 769
Romanov Tercentenary (1913), 3–6, 9–12, 13, 24, 245, 314
Romanovsky, General I. P., 558, 568
Romas, Mikhail, 84, 85, 86
Rostov, 557, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 660; Battle for (1917), 557
Rublev, 609
Rudnev family, 532
Russian Imperial Army, 55–61, 253–70; calls for modernization, 58–9, 59–61; mutinies, 57, 58, 184, 265–6, 312–16, 418; officers and command structure, 57–8, 258–60, 263–4; place in the ruling system, 55–6; revolution in, 263, 264, 265, 378–80, 407, 414–18; MILITARY UNITS: First Army, 255; Second Army, 255, 261; Third Army, 266; Fifth Army, 418; Seventh Army, 418; Eighth Army, 254, 255, 443; Eleventh Army, 419; Fourteenth Army, 60; Third Cavalry Corps, 446; Thirty-Third Army Corps, 418; lst Don Cossack Division, 453; 3rd Infantry Division, 439; Savage Division, 446, 452–3; 4th Rifle Brigade, 253; First Machine-Gun Regiment, 396, 397, 421–4, 425; 176th Regiment, 426, 430–1; 181st Infantry Regiment, 302; 443rd Infantry Regiment, 439–40; 444th Infantry Regiment, 439–40; Finland (Reserve) Regiment, 311, 314, 315, 327, 381, 413, 759–60; Imperial Dragoons, 670; Imperial Guards, 3–4, 55–6, 59, 282, 341, 716; Lithuanian Regiment, 314, 315; Moscow Regiment, 314, 382; Pavlovsky Regiment, 312, 313, 317, 382, 429; Preobrazhensky Guards Regiment, 17, 37, 55, 177, 314, 315, 324; Semenovsky Regiment, 200, 312; Tekinsky Regiment, 558; Tver Regiment, 59; Volynsky Regiment, 312, 313, 314, 324; Cyclist Battalion, 492; 6th Engineer Battalion, 314; Women’s Battalion of Death, 413, 419. See also Red Army, Soldiers
Russian Monarchist Party, 196
Russian Political Conference, Paris, 562 and n, 672
Russian Renault factory, 302, 396
Russification campaigns, 64, 80–1, 810
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5), 18, 56, 168–70, 184, 185, 253, 281
Ruszky, General N. V., 340, 342
Ryazanov, David, 460
Rykov, Alexei, 499, 511, 660n, 799, 821, 822
Ryzhkov, S. M., 184
Sabler, Vladimir, 33, 273
Saburov, Prince V. V., 365
St Petersburg/Petrograd, 3–5, 6, 8–9, 22, 26, 29, 37, 45, 47, 68, 72n, 111–12, 117, 124, 127, 132, 138, 146, 147, 148, 165, 167, 173, 175, 196, 197, 199, 233, 242, 250, 273, 275, 277, 297, 301, 302, 345, 367, 368, 370, 381, 383, 400; Alexander Nevsky Monastery, 528; Alexander Nevsky Temple-Monument, 9; Anichkov Palace, 500–1; armed demonstration (June 1917), 396–7, 404; Astoria Hotel, 683; ‘Bloody Sunday’ (January 1905), 173–80, 185, 186, 192, 199, 300, 310, 514; capital moved to Moscow from, 550–1, 603; cholera epidemics, 112; Constituent Assembly elections, 508; Duma election, 457, 458; February Revolution (1917), 307–23, 339, 340, 348–9, 396; Finland Station, 384–7, 483; food shortages, 300, 307–8; general strikes, 189, 232; Gostiny Dvor, 311, 530; Griboyedov Canal, 313; Hotel France, 493; industrial crisis (1917–18), 610, 624, 626; July Days, 421–33, 435, 436; Kazan Cathedral, 3, 9, 167, 178, 310, 319; Kshesinskaya Mansion, 387, 425, 427, 433; Kresty jail, 204, 219, 314, 324; Liteiny Bridge, 308, 309, 310; Liteiny Prospekt, 37, 514; Marinskaya Hospital, 536n; Marinsky Palace, 216, 217, 328, 354, 381, 429, 485; Marinsky Theatre, 4–5, 12, 24, 493, 686; martial law in, 513; Mikhailovsky Theatre, 290; mutiny of garrison (1917), 313–16, 330, 340, 396; name changed to Petrograd (1914), 251; Narodny Dom, 493; Narva Gates, 176, 178n; Nevsky Prospekt, 3, 4, 6, 37, 177, 180, 192, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316, 319, 368–9, 382, 404, 424, 428, 493, 530, 605, 606, 673, 759, 763; Nikolaevsky Station, 327, 340, 482, 483, 540, 673; October insurrection, 482–97; peasants in, 108, 111; Police HQ, 317; political strikes (1917), 300–2, 309–10; post-Revolution, 603–4, 605, 609, 610; Preobrazhensky Cemetery, 514; renamed Leningrad (1924), 805; St Isaac’s Cathedral, 9, 144, 441, 673; statue of Alexander III, 15, 400, 482; The Storming of the Winter Palace staged in (1920), 739; Temple of Christ’s Resurrection, 9; Tercentenary Cathedral, 9; Theological Academy, 174; Troitsky Bridge, 177, 309; University, 125, 144, 165, 166, 222, 314; Vasilevsky Island, 759; Vladimir Prospekt, 312; workers’ strikes (1921), 759–60, 761; Yudenich’s offensive against, 670–5, 681, 761; Znamenskaya Square, 15, 187, 309, 311, 312, 313, 400. See also Peter and Paul Fortress; Smolny Institute; Tauride Palace; Vyborg district; Winter Palace
Samara, 106, 206, 366, 459, 566, 575–9, 581–5, 612, 644, 653, 753, 757, 776, 795
Samarin, Iurii, 36, 277
Samosudy (mob trials), 400–1, 402, 525, 533, 534
Samsonov, General Alexander, 255, 256, 261
Sapozhkov, A. P., 756
Saratov, 44, 106, 131, 157, 223, 225, 365, 459, 463, 600, 605, 611, 621, 662, 664, 741, 752–5
Savinkov, Boris, 170n, 443–4, 446, 449, 450, 451, 559; The Pale Horse, 209; Yaroslavl’ uprising of, 642 and n
Sazonov, S. D., 249, 251, 275, 278, 652n
Schlieffen Plan, 253–4, 256
Schreider, Grigorii, 487, 488, 509
Sechenov, Ivan, The Reflexes of the Brain, 733
Sejm (Finnish parliament), 375, 376
Semashko, A. I., 423
Semenov, Grigorii, 651, 659
Semenov, Sergei, xiii, 53, 94, 232–9, 241, 361–3, 447, 463, 609, 617, 753, 773, 789, 790, 791; on Andreevskoe, 104, 107, 109, 751–2; as Duma deputy, 217; in exile, 234, 786; Maliutin’s feud with, 232–3, 234, 235–6, 237, 238, 362, 363, 786, 787–8; murder of (1922), 787–8; reforms in Andreevskoe of, 183, 184, 233–6, 237–9, 362–3, 786–8, 789; and Tolstoy, 160, 183, 233, 234; Volokolamsk co-operative movement pioneered by, 612, 786
Semenov, Tatiana, 362
Semipalatinsk, 654, 658
Semirechie, 710
Serafimovich, Alexander: The Iron Flood, 563n
Serbia, 247, 250–1, 258
Serfdom, 46–7, 48; legacies of, 47, 53–4, 57, 96, 97
Serge, Viktor, 607, 609, 674, 821
Serov, Ivan, 756
Sevastopol, 520, 527, 717, 710, 720
Shaliapin, Fedor, 5, 493, 607
Shcheglovitov, I. G., 242, 243, 245, 273, 329
Shevchenko, Taras, 74
Shingarev, A. I., 336, 509, 536 and n
Shipov, D. N., 164, 165, 172, 194
Shklovsky, Viktor, 302, 316, 327, 606
Shkuro, A. G., 666, 670
Shliapnikov, Alexander, 295, 297, 301, 311, 323, 476, 610, 731, 764, 765, 766
Sholokhov, Mikhaiclass="underline" And Quiet Flows the Don, 562
Shostakovich, Dmitrii, 738; Second Symphony (‘To October’), 738
Shulgin, Vasilii, 288, 317, 318, 341, 343, 344, 377, 568, 664, 677, 678, 700
Shumsky, Olexander, 708
Shuvaev, General Dmitry, 279
Siberia, 12, 64n, 84, 86, 103, 197, 124, 148, 201, 221, 245, 269, 296, 323, 382, 388, 530, 560, 573, 577, 584–5, 587, 650, 651, 753, 769, 775, 776
Siberian Army, 584–5, 653
Sidorin, General V. I., 662
Simbirsk, 142, 158–9, 165, 386, 532, 580, 584, 592, 611, 653, 753, 776–7
Simferopol, 198
Sinegub, Alexander, 487
Sipiagin, D. S., 8, 167
Skliansky, Emanuil, 720
Skobelev, M. I., 317, 323, 324, 325, 371, 383, 388, 443