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Bucher and Murphy receive Purple Hearts during a January 3, 1969, ceremony at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego.
U.S. Navy
An outpouring of public sympathy buoyed Bucher and his men after their return. Here they read a ten-foot-long “welcome home” letter signed by New York schoolchildren.
U.S. Navy
Schumacher receives a plaque of appreciation from movie star John Wayne at a party in January 1969. Singer Pat Boone and “several Hollywood starlets” also entertained the sailors.
U.S. Navy
Vice Admiral Harold G. Bowen Jr. (standing) led the Navy’s official inquiry into the Pueblo debacle. Seated (left to right) are rear admirals Richard Pratt, Marshall White, Edward Grimm, and Allen Bergner.
U.S. Navy
Captain William Newsome, chief counsel to the investigating admirals, stunned the courtroom audience by warning that Bucher might be court-martialed for giving up his ship without a fight.
U.S. Navy
Bucher with his attorneys, E. Miles Harvey (left) and Navy Captain James E. Keys.
U.S. Navy
Shortly before the Pueblo and its code machines were captured, Navy radioman John A. Walker Jr. began selling key cards for programming the devices to the Soviets. This photo was taken early in Walker’s Navy career.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
After a bitter fight with the Pentagon, Bucher and his men were awarded the Prisoner of War Medal during a 1990 ceremony in San Diego.
© U-T San Diego/Zumapress.com
For years, the Pueblo has been a floating tourist attraction in Pyongyang. In this 2010 photo, North Koreans raise their fists at a rally marking the sixtieth anniversary of the Korean War’s outbreak.
Korean Central News Agency

ENDNOTES

ABBREVIATIONS

NA National Archives at College Park (Archives II), College Park, Maryland

LBJ Lyndon Baines Johnson Library & Museum, Austin, Texas

GF Gerald R. Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan

NHHC U.S. Naval Historical & Heritage Command, Washington Navy Yard, D.C.

VU Vanderbilt University Television News Archive, Nashville, Tennessee

AMHI U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania

HI Hoover Institution, Stanford, California

NSA National Security Agency, oral history series, Fort Meade, Maryland

WW Woodrow Wilson Center, North Korea International Documentation Project, Washington, D.C.

RG Record Group

NSF National Security File

RP Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry, Convened by Order of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, to Inquire into the Circumstances Relating to the Seizure of the USS Pueblo (AGER 2) by North Korean Naval Forces Which Occurred in the Sea of Japan on 23 January 1968

CA Classified Annex to Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry, Convened by Order of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, to Inquire into the Circumstances Relating to the Seizure of the USS Pueblo (AGER 2) by North Korean Naval Forces Which Occurred in the Sea of Japan on 23 January 1968

Inq Inquiry into the USS Pueblo and EC-121 Plane Incidents, Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on the USS Pueblo of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 91st Congress, First Session, 1969

PROLOGUE

The Russians buried Dunham: Larry Tart and Robert Keefe (The Price of Vigilance: Attacks on American Surveillance Flights, Ballantine Books, New York, 2001), 29.

Reconnaissance aircraft were shot down: Figures on the shoot-downs are drawn from Tart and Keefe, ibid., and LBJ, “Memorandum for the Record,” 16 Feb. 1967, NSF, Country File, Asia and the Pacific, Korea, Pueblo Incident, Events Leading Up To, box 264.

“Provocative incidents”: NA, “Encounters Between US and Soviet Ships and Aircraft,” RG 59, General Records of the Department of State, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Korea Crisis (“Pueblo Crisis”) Files, 1968, Entry 5192, Lot 69D912, box 5, folder: Misc. Pueblo, 2/1/68-68, Book II of II (folder 1 of 2).

Russian captain rushed: ibid.

CHAPTER 1: SPIES AHOY

He didn’t get drafted: Author interview with F. Carl (Skip) Schumacher Jr.

“Where’d you come from?”: F. Carl Schumacher Jr. and George C. Wilson, Bridge of No Return: The Ordeal of the U.S.S. Pueblo (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1971), 46.

“Intellectual barbarian”: Author interview with Lieutenant Commander Allen Hemphill, U.S. Navy, retired. Hemphill was a onetime shipmate and longtime friend of Bucher’s.

Operation Clickbeetle: For a fuller account of Operation Clickbeetle, see Trevor Armbrister, A Matter of Accountability: The True Story of the Pueblo Affair (Coward-McCann Inc., New York, 1970), 81–87.

“Pipe-smoking characters”: Lloyd M. Bucher and Mark Rascovich, Bucher: My Story (Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, New York, 1970), 14.

462 mechanical and design deficiencies: Armbrister, op. cit., 149.

“Overzealous”: Bucher, op. cit., 14.

Fourth century B.C.: Author interview with Peter Langenberg.

Steering engine had failed 180 times: Bucher, op. cit., 81.

Missive found its way: Ibid., 30.

Harrowing attack: For two very different views of the Liberty incident, see James M. Ennes Jr., Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an American Intelligence Ship (Random House, New York, 1979) and A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Brassey’s/Potomac Books, Washington, D.C., 2002). Ennes, who was on board the Liberty when it was hit, concludes that Israel attacked deliberately. Cristol, a federal bankruptcy judge in Florida, argues that the attack was a tragic case of mistaken identity, as Israel maintained.

“A little unfair of me”: Schumacher, op. cit., 47.