ENDNOTES
ABBREVIATIONS
NA National Archives at College Park (Archives II), College Park, Maryland
LBJ Lyndon Baines Johnson Library & Museum, Austin, Texas
GF Gerald R. Ford Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan
NHHC U.S. Naval Historical & Heritage Command, Washington Navy Yard, D.C.
VU Vanderbilt University Television News Archive, Nashville, Tennessee
AMHI U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania
HI Hoover Institution, Stanford, California
NSA National Security Agency, oral history series, Fort Meade, Maryland
WW Woodrow Wilson Center, North Korea International Documentation Project, Washington, D.C.
RG Record Group
NSF National Security File
RP Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry, Convened by Order of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, to Inquire into the Circumstances Relating to the Seizure of the USS Pueblo (AGER 2) by North Korean Naval Forces Which Occurred in the Sea of Japan on 23 January 1968
CA Classified Annex to Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry, Convened by Order of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, to Inquire into the Circumstances Relating to the Seizure of the USS Pueblo (AGER 2) by North Korean Naval Forces Which Occurred in the Sea of Japan on 23 January 1968
Inq Inquiry into the USS Pueblo and EC-121 Plane Incidents, Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on the USS Pueblo of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, 91st Congress, First Session, 1969
PROLOGUE
The Russians buried Dunham: Larry Tart and Robert Keefe (The Price of Vigilance: Attacks on American Surveillance Flights, Ballantine Books, New York, 2001), 29.
Reconnaissance aircraft were shot down: Figures on the shoot-downs are drawn from Tart and Keefe, ibid., and LBJ, “Memorandum for the Record,” 16 Feb. 1967, NSF, Country File, Asia and the Pacific, Korea, Pueblo Incident, Events Leading Up To, box 264.
“Provocative incidents”: NA, “Encounters Between US and Soviet Ships and Aircraft,” RG 59, General Records of the Department of State, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Korea Crisis (“Pueblo Crisis”) Files, 1968, Entry 5192, Lot 69D912, box 5, folder: Misc. Pueblo, 2/1/68-68, Book II of II (folder 1 of 2).
Russian captain rushed: ibid.
CHAPTER 1: SPIES AHOY
He didn’t get drafted: Author interview with F. Carl (Skip) Schumacher Jr.
“Where’d you come from?”: F. Carl Schumacher Jr. and George C. Wilson, Bridge of No Return: The Ordeal of the U.S.S. Pueblo (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1971), 46.
“Intellectual barbarian”: Author interview with Lieutenant Commander Allen Hemphill, U.S. Navy, retired. Hemphill was a onetime shipmate and longtime friend of Bucher’s.
Operation Clickbeetle: For a fuller account of Operation Clickbeetle, see Trevor Armbrister, A Matter of Accountability: The True Story of the Pueblo Affair (Coward-McCann Inc., New York, 1970), 81–87.
“Pipe-smoking characters”: Lloyd M. Bucher and Mark Rascovich, Bucher: My Story (Doubleday & Co., Inc., Garden City, New York, 1970), 14.
462 mechanical and design deficiencies: Armbrister, op. cit., 149.
“Overzealous”: Bucher, op. cit., 14.
Fourth century B.C.: Author interview with Peter Langenberg.
Steering engine had failed 180 times: Bucher, op. cit., 81.
Missive found its way: Ibid., 30.
Harrowing attack: For two very different views of the Liberty incident, see James M. Ennes Jr., Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an American Intelligence Ship (Random House, New York, 1979) and A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident: The 1967 Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship (Brassey’s/Potomac Books, Washington, D.C., 2002). Ennes, who was on board the Liberty when it was hit, concludes that Israel attacked deliberately. Cristol, a federal bankruptcy judge in Florida, argues that the attack was a tragic case of mistaken identity, as Israel maintained.
“A little unfair of me”: Schumacher, op. cit., 47.