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INDEX
40th Army 85, 122, 128, 133, 135, 143, 195, 198
A unique army 144
Aircraft losses 205
Corruption 189
Crime statistics 173, 227
Disbanded 308
Disciplinary measures 225
Drinking and drugs 190
Enters Afghanistan 84
Equipment 197
Formation
108th Motor-rifle Division 55, 87–8, 175–6, 227
12th Guards Motor-rifle Regiment 230, 252
15th Special Forces Brigade 133
180th Motor-rifle Regiment 127
201st Motor-rifle Division 87, 142, 175, 227, 291, 305
The division fights on 305
22nd Special Forces Brigade 133
345th Guards Independent Parachute Assault Regiment 82, 87, 91, 105, 182, 195, 214, 216, 290, 317, 325
9th Company 116, 215
Suppresses demonstration in Tblisi 1989 308
56th Guards Independent Airborne Assault Brigade 87–8, 172, 176, 214, 217–18
5th Guards Motor-rifle Division 55, 87, 174–5
66th Independent Motor-rifle Brigade 154, 156, 174, 227, 229
70th Independent Motor-rifle Brigade 227
860th Independent Motor-rifle Regiment 87, 157–8, 171, 173, 188, 199, 227–9, 242
Epic march of 176
Trashes base on departure 284
Operations of 209
Reunions of 325–6
Formidable fighters, despite criticism 144
Four main bases 175
Health problems resemble those in Crimean War 175
HQ in Amin’s old palace 142
Inadequacy of strategy 123
Invasion route 86
Large operations on Pakistan border and in Pandsher Valley 213, 215
Living conditions 169
Mobilisation 121
Muddled chain of command 85
Nature of fighting 197
Ordered to begin active operations 140
Politicians fail to welcome the soldiers back 293
Press gangs 137
Soviet troops remain in Afghanistan after 40th Army leaves 294
Success nullified by two basic misjudgements 124
Tactics 129, 132–3, 207
Use of elite forces 133
9th Company, film 215
Abdullaev Yusuf, Soviet youth adviser 164–5
Abdur Rahman Khan (1840?—1901), Afghan ruler 13, 15, 26–8, 34, 44, 63
Abdurrahman, deputy chairman of Communist Youth organisation 152
Abram Andrew, English traveller 35
Abramov, interpreter 107
Adamishin Anatoli, Soviet diplomat, criticises invasion in diary 110
Advisers 7, 106, 152, 162, 164–5
Casualties 45, 53, 166
Foreign advisers with mujahedin 134
Helping to suppress rebels? 53, 167
Idealism of 149
Interpreters 153
Military advisers 124, 150
Not targetted by mujahedin 160
Numbers increase in 1979 150
Numbers run down from 1986 168
Party advisers 151
Poor results in the countryside 162
Security arrangements 161
Senior advisers in Kabul replaced 74
Murdered 139
Undermine Afghans’ responsibility 148, 176
Intelligence tasks 166
Youth advisers 151
Afganets—inhabitant of Afghanistan, hot wind, Soviet veteran 194, 326
afgani, Afghan currency 165
Afgantsy, veterans of war in Afghanistan. See: Veterans
Afghan army 151, 272, 279
Attitude of Soviet soldiers towards 138
Betrayal of 223
Brutality of 232
Daud procures Soviet weapons for 16
Desertions 136
Dependent on Soviet supplies 296
Everywhere on defensive 299
Will it resist Soviet invasion? 80
Mutiny in Herat 6
Penetrated by mujahedin 136
Politburo decides to supply specialists and arms, March 1979 49
Short-lived success of assault on Zhawar caves 214
Size, 1979 and 1989 136
Afghan government 124
Accused of betraying Islam 51
Counterproductive policies 123
Exploits divisions among Soviets 61
Fails to mend its ways 53
Issues radical programme 42
Loses authority 59
Panics after Herat rising 7
Signs bilateral agreement with Pakistan 281
Unable to hold territory captured by the Russians 216
Afghan syndrome see: PTSD
Afghanistan 299, 316–17
American interest revives, 1977 33
American invasion, 2001 325
Americans consider incorporating into Baghdad Pact 30
Attempts at modernisation 15
Briefly invaded by Soviets in 1929 29
British and Russian paranoia 23
British designs on 24
Burdensome legacy of Durand Line 28
Destruction after 1979 328
Geography, people, history 12
German influence 30
Good relations with Soviets after 1919 28
Ideal for guerilla warfare 128
Impact of Soviet war 331
Post-war attitudes of Afghans 335
Resistance to Communists spreads 58
Russian designs on 18
Situation deteriorates, Autumn 1979 75
Soviet Congress condemns invasion 328
Afsotr, Afghan-Soviet Transport Company 209, 300
Ahmad Shah Abdali (c.1722–73), Afghan ruler 13–14
Aid
Brings Russians few political dividends 148
Figures for Soviet aid 147
Given by Americans, Russians and Germans before 1979 146
Major Soviet irrigation project 147
Practical value of Soviet aid unclear 148
Russians build Polytechnic Institute in Kabul 148
Soviet aid to Najibullah 296
Ainaksk copper mine 240
Akbari, head of Afghan security police 59
Al-Azhar University, Cairo 17
Aleksandrov-Agentov Andrei, Brezhnev’s diplomatic adviser 42
Aleksievich Svetlana, Soviet journalist 323
Aliev Mahmed, Soviet adviser 105–6
Alksnis Colonel Viktor, critic of Gorbachev 309
Alliance of Seven 200–201
Islamic Party of Afghanistan 202
Islamic Party of Afghanistan (Hekmatyar) 184
Islamic Society of Afghanistan (Rabbani) 184
Amanullah Shah (1892–1960), Afghan ruler 15–17, 29, 34
Amin Hafizullah (1929–79), Afghan Communist President 7, 42, 59–60, 62–9, 73–4, 77–8, 82, 90
Abortive KGB attempts to kill him 94
Accuses Soviet ambassador of lying 72
Afghan people welcomes overthrow 106–7
Alleged contacts with Americans 40, 71
Co founder of Afghan Communist party 17
Death of 98
Furious reaction to Soviet protest 71
Gives orders that aircraft using Bagram be shot down 68
Moscow begins to think of removing him 74
Moves to Taj Bek palace 89
Poisoned at lunch 95
Strengthens hold on power 58
Purges officer corps 136
Amin’s palace cat 102
Amstutz Bruce, US charge d’affairs 71, 79
Amu Darya (Oxus) river 18–19, 27–8, 87, 142, 146, 205
Anava, village in Pandsher valley 182, 216
Andrianov Vladimir, orientalist, criticises war 245
Andropov Yuri (1914–84), Chairman of KGB 49, 52, 56, 74, 79, 109, 123, 237, 324
Accuses Amin of contacts with CIA 77
Congratulates Karmal on assumption of power 103
Considers covert ways of removing Amin 63
Determined to get rid of Amin 73
Illness and death, January 1984 271
Member of Committee on Afghanistan 60