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Drozdov General Yuri, KGB officer 90, 93–4, 98, 101

Dubnov Arkadi, Russian journalist 304

Dubs Adolph, US ambassador, assassinated 54

Dubynin General V, 40th Army commander 1986–7 124

Dukhovchenko, leads rising in Badaber 266

Dulepov Vadim, bard 312

Dupree Louis, scholar 17

Durand Line, artificial border between Afghanistan and Pakistan 13, 28

Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan 116, 304–6

Dyshev Andrei, author 158

E

Educational reforms 16

Eisenhower President, visits Kabul 30

Ekbal Lieutenant, one of Taraki’s murderers 72–3

eksperimentalka, experimental dress uniform 251

Ermacora Felix, UN human rights representative 231

F

Faisabad, Afghan town 166, 176–9, 188, 194–5, 209, 212, 230, 283

Bombed by Soviets 143

Triples in size 334

Farakh province 165

Faryab province 167

Fedorov Dmitri, sergeant in 860th Regiment 188, 261

Returns to Afghanistan as a tourist 334

G

Gai David, Soviet journalist 283

Gang of Four 59, 62–3, 92

Gardez, Afghan town 53, 213, 215

Gavrya Alexander, youth adviser 164

Generalov General L, Commander of 40th Army, 1983–5 124

Geneva Agreements 202, 283, 285–6, 290–91, 296

Genghis Khan (?1162–1227), Mongol conqueror 12, 27, 86

Ghaffur Engineer, downs three Soviet helicopters 203

Girardet Edward, American correspondent 144

Glavnoe Razvedyvatelnoe Upravlenie (GRU), Soviet military intelligence organisation 56, 61, 63, 126, 133, 136, 186, 268, 275

Glushak Natasha, killed on returning from wedding 156

Golovin Captain, aircraft crashes 87

Golubev Colonel, commander of KGB detachment 82

Gorbachev Mikhail (1931–), Soviet politician 52, 238, 272, 274, 279–80, 282, 289, 296, 310

And withdrawal 142, 272–4

Attempted coup, August 1991 310

Complains about overweening Soviet advisers 276

Criticised by military 309

Determined to solve Afghan problem 272

Meeting with Reagan. December 1987 280

Nightmare that a bloodbath would follow Soviet withdrawal 281

Policies best available? 310

The ‘Gorbachev surge’ 272

Withdraws six regiments—West treats it as a propaganda stunt 277

XXVIIth Congress of Soviet Communist Party, February 1986 274

Gorchakov Alexander, Russian foreign minister (1798–1883) 11, 23

Gorelov General Lev, Chief Soviet Military Adviser in Afghanistan 1975–9 42, 45, 55, 66, 74

Goricheva Tatiana, protests against Afghan war 108

Gorky (Nizhni Novgorod), Russian city 108, 237

Grabarmy, the ‘bandit army’, nickname for 40th Army 189

Grazhdanskaya Oborona, SIberian rock group 320

green zone, cultivated area, ideal for ambushes 131, 133, 163, 206, 231

Greshnov Andrei, Soviet interpreter and journalist 105–6, 154, 232–3, 294–5, 297–8

Grishin Vladimir, officer in Muslim Battalion 115

Gromov General Boris, last commander of 40th Army 1987–9 88, 124, 144, 174, 214, 287, 291–3, 317

Crosses the bridge, 15 February 1989 291

Gromov Maksim, son of general 293

Gromyko Andrei (1909–89), Soviet foreign minister 45–6, 48–9, 52, 62, 69, 74, 77, 81, 95, 270, 279

Member of Committee on Afghanistan 60

Remembers decision to invade 80

Gulabzoi Mohamed, Afghan politician, member of ‘Gang of Four’ 31, 40–41, 59, 63, 68, 70, 83, 92, 99

Gumenny Leonid, officer in Zenit 117

Guskov General, plans elimination of Amin 82

H

Habibia School, Kabul 16

Habibullah Khan (1872–1919), Afghan ruler 15

Haqqani Jalaluddin (1950-), mujahedin commander 214

Haqqani Sirajuddin, mujahedin commander 214

Hazara, Afghan ethnic group 302

Health 121

Cholera 174

Figures for infectious disease 174

Health care in Soviet Central Asia best in the Muslim world 146

Hepatitis 95, 157, 174–5

Military hospitals 176

Near collapse of medical services 173

Hekmatyar Gulbuddin (1947–), mujahedin commander 17, 32, 184, 200–201, 234, 267, 296, 298, 302

Herat Rising 5

Exaggerated accounts 7

Fate of Soviet specialists 45

News arrives in Soviet embassy 44

Herat, Afghan city 29, 50, 165

Falls to Taliban 303

Strategic concern of British 27

I

Indian Rising (Mutiny) 1857 24

Ingushetia, Russian republic 326

Intelligence 57, 201

American and Soviet intelligence failures 332

British intelligence on Soviets in Afghanistan 111

GRU decide they need better intelligence 126

Methods and problems 134

Russian intelligence in 19th century 21, 23

US intelligence on Soviet intentions 111

Iran 6, 78

Istalif, Afghan village famed for pottery. 25

Ivanov Galina, wife of Valeri 99, 300

Ivanov Valeri, Soviet official 44, 99, 300–301

Izhevsk, Russian town 255

Izmailov Major Vyacheslav, Soviet officer 208–9

J

Jalalabad, Afghan city 229

Bombed by British 15

Bombed by Soviets 143, 284

Communist attempt to reunite in 40

Falls to Taliban 303

Major battle after 40th Army leaves 296

Panic when helicopters are shot down 203

Jamiat-i-Islami, Afghan resistance party 266

Jandad Major, head of Afghan Presidential Guard 72–3, 91–3, 95–6

Joulwan Peter, British journalist 258

K

Kabul 11, 13, 34, 38, 55–6, 63, 66, 74, 86, 88, 152, 206, 290, 296, 300

A tourist paradise 34

Bombed by British 15

Capital moved to 14

Centre destroyed by British 25

Curfew 159

Destroyed in civil war 36, 144, 234, 302

Falls to mujahedin 1992 298

Last Soviet troops leave 290

Major anti-Communist demonstration, February 1980 139

Marriages can only be registered there 156

Russians hang on as long as they can 300

Shelled by mujahedin 143

Soviet troops seize key objectives 8

Taliban victory brings kind of order 303

Kabul museum 34

Kabul Radio 105

Broadcasts Karmal’s appeal 16, 66, 103

Kabul University 17, 32, 38, 159

Kabulov Zamir, Russian diplomat

Persuades Taliban to return bodies of Russian helicopter crew, 2008 198

Tries to discover truth about Badaber 269

Kadyr Colonel, Afghan officer 31, 39–40, 42, 53

Kalashakhi, Afghan village 130

Kalashnikov automatic rifle 190, 192, 197, 199, 220

Kaluga, Russian town 181

Kandahar, Afghan town 14, 163, 297–8

Badly damaged in mid-1980s 163

Bombarded by mujahedin 298

Bombed by Soviets 143, 284

Dangerous for foreigners 297

Falls to Taliban 303

Karamagul, Afghan village 210

Karmal Babrak (1929–1996). Afghan Communist president 17, 38–40, 42, 62, 78, 103–4, 139, 148, 165, 223, 271, 276

Complains about atrocity to Brezhnev 229

Favoured by KGB 60

Inadequacies of 241

KGB brings into plan against Amin 60

Russians decide he must go 274

Secretly flown into Bagram 83

Shocked to hear Soviets intend to pull out 272

Systematically purges officers 136

Karpaty, KGB special forces unit 193

Karpenko Alexander, bard and military interpreter 193

Kartsev Lieutenant Alexander 126–7, 130, 180, 183, 238