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In the first case, I never found myself in a position where I had to cold-bloodedly take human life or cause personal injury. In the second case, and this is something which has always amazed me, soldiers never seemed to get killed or injured within my sight. I remember only one exception, and that was when our ammunition train got blown up and some of us were hit by shrapnel fragments.

This brings me to the only problem of a psychological nature that I had. It first hit me about a month after the war was over. One night I had been fast asleep in bed on the farm in Rotenburg when I awoke with a start and was struck by the unnerving conviction that I must have been killed on the Russian Front. My mind flew back, darting from event to event, when unbelievable luck saved me every time and I argued that to think I had survived was absurd. The only explanation that made sense to me just then was that when a person is dead, the mind continues to function and to throw up images as if one continued to live out one’s expected existence.

Over the course of time these doubts returned, but with an ever-decreasing frequency. I soon learned to apply self-control and to switch my thoughts to other matters so that I was no longer troubled after the first few weeks. When I began to write my narrative, I wondered whether this would cause my doubts to re-surface. In actual fact my memory has only been jogged about this experience of long ago and I have had no trouble setting down a dispassionate record of these recollections.

After my personal experience of tight discipline in the German army, revelations about the policy of extermination in concentration camps came as a great shock to me. That the excesses of a well-organized minority in power can inflict so much lasting damage on mankind must be a grim warning to us all and to future generations.

I have at no time felt any bitterness that I was unfortunate enough to get stuck in war-time Germany when I could have enjoyed an almost peace-time existence in Ireland. By the same token I have never thought of blaming my parents for sending me to Germany. Of course, a loss which can never be made good is the seven years during which I grew to adulthood without seeing them.

At the same time, my life has been enriched by the years spent in Germany and army service has given me a greater self-confidence than I would otherwise have had. I have often felt that if I could survive the Russian Front then I could survive anything. Though I lost much by my parents’ decision to send me to Germany, I also gained a lot in other areas and this included meeting the girl who later became my wife. In whatever way my life might have been different, this is how it turned out and I am well content.

In writing these memoirs I have fulfilled a long-time ambition of wanting to record my service on the Russian Front. While doing this I was constantly reminded of the terrible tragedy of the death of millions of young soldiers on all sides whom I would nowadays look on as being hardly more than boys. Next, it awoke memories of the horrendous fate suffered by German refugees from the eastern provinces. Another reminder was of the total destruction of old European cities with so much loss of life and of irreplaceable art treasures. What a terrible waste it had all been!

It was a great sadness for me to be reminded of the friends in the Lietz schools who had been killed on the Front, or were listed as missing and never heard from again. So many young gifted people, full of life and with high hopes for their future, were lost to their families.

I did not, of course, have the same ties with the men in my division whom I knew only fleetingly, but I was nevertheless deeply shocked to discover from military archives that so few had survived death, or capture by the Russians. In a tragic ending for the Hermann Göring Divisions, nearly all of the surviving units became encircled by the advancing Russian forces at some stage during the final days of the war. Soldiers of the last units to surrender became prisoners-of-war near the town of Geising one day after Germany surrendered and less than twenty-four hours after I had passed along that same road. Very few soldiers managed to break out of the ring and then still elude Czechoslovakian partisans before surrendering to American troops.

Although I was never enthusiastic about being a soldier, I cannot but feel deeply saddened by the fate of my army-corps. I had known it when it was at full strength, I had respected it for the exemplary discipline that was maintained whatever the situation and I had never known any units or individual soldiers to be guilty of dishonourable behaviour. That I was one of the very few to escape unscathed was just my good luck.

Both Heinelt twins survived the war and fulfilled their ambition to become doctors. Sadly, Günther developed multiple sclerosis in his early thirties and both he and Heinz died in their fifties. Willi Gerkens settled down in his home town of Rotenburg, but he also died in his fifties. I never discovered the fate of any other of my mates in the Division Göring.

Hertha’s brother, Adolf, returned to Döllnitz after Germany became reunited. Under the conditions of unification, no claim for repossession of the family farm was possible and re-purchase was also not permitted. Adolf rents part of the land and farms it organically. His brother, Georg went into publishing and lives in Stuttgart. Over the years Georg and I have spent many a time hiking in the southern German Alps.

My guardian, Uncle Oskar, survived the war and was soon reunited with his wife and baby. Aunt Hella was evicted from her house in Karlsbad, but she managed to build a new life in Munich. In her typically enterprising way she took up horse-riding and painting when in her sixties.

My sister, Erika, married an Irishman in 1954 and emigrated to Canada. They live near Toronto and have two children and five grandchildren.

My in-laws, the Goedeckes, were dispossessed of their farm in 1945 and first settled in West Germany. In 1953 I arranged for Mr. Goedecke to get a position as a farm manager near Carlow and he and his wife lived in Ireland until 1967. They loved Ireland, but returned to Germany because they were getting on in years and missed their many relatives.

Erika and I had no problem adjusting to life in Ireland. Although it did not strike me at the time, I think my parents must have found it very hard to suddenly have two adults in the family, when they last knew them as children. To have been deprived of witnessing seven years of one’s children’s lives must have been very sad and a great loss to them.

I took an engineering and science degree in University College Dublin and spent my professional life working for the Electricity Supply Board. I became involved in running the first turf-burning power-stations in Portarlington and Allenwood and also worked in Cork and Dublin power-stations.

Since my retirement I have visited many scenes from my early years. Annual class re-unions in Haubinda and holidays in Karlsbad have been particularly poignant.

I am very grateful that Hertha’s and my children have been able to grow up in a time of peace in this part of Europe. They are long since happily married and we now have four grandchildren.

Though my family and all our relatives were displaced from the land of their birth as a result of the war, we were more fortunate than others and, maybe, of us all, it was I who received the greatest share of luck.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Army-Corps — Group of two to four divisions

Army-Group — Group of two to four armies

Bannführer — Senior leader of a Hitler Youth group

Battalion — Unit composed of 500–1,000 men

Bazooka — Hand-held rocket launcher