See Parkinson 1999.
Murnane 1995: 12.
Text in Habachi 1965: 86.
Shanks and Tilley 1987: 70.
These arc all too numerous: Gardner [1926] 1996: 43, 91; Stokstad 1998: 120; Groenewegen-Frankfort [1951] 1986: 97.
Cooney 1965: 4. At the time of writing I was unable to consult Freed et al. 1999.
Ikram 1989: 101; but see Wente 1990: 89.
Cooney 1965: 4.
There are all too many examples: see e.g. Pendlebury 1935: 130-1; Desroches- Noblecourt [1963] 1972: 120; Aldred 1980: 173-4; Drawer 1985: 190-1; Hari 1985: 18, 26. The remarks of Frankfort 1929: 2 3 and Kemp 1989: 224 5 and 279 provide a corrective.
Murnane 1995: 15.
See the references in Aldred 1988: 311.
Burridge 1995. Gay Robins refuted Burridge's theory convincingly in a paper given at the 49th annual meeting of the American Research Center in Egypt, Los Angeles, April 1998: a full treatment of this by Professor Robins is in progress.
Forster [1927] 1962: 168.
Cullcrne Bown 1991: 178.
See LA IV 338—11.
Davies, quoted in Aldred 1982: 89.
Kemp 1985: 317, with footnotes 51-9; Kemp and Garfi 1993: 10; for the Ramessidc reoccupation see Pcet and Woollcy 1923: 128-9, 160.
Davies 1905b, Plate XXV; Clackson 1999: 268-70, with bibliography.
For an excellent discussion of the Coptic texts from Amarna, see Clackson 1999.
On this generally, see Assmann 1997: 1-143.
A reading of Herodotus II 124 proposed in Meltzer 1989.
Manetho, preserved in Josephus, Against Apion I 232-7. On Manetho and Akhenaten, see Vcrbrugghe and Wickersham 1996: 104-5, 199. See also Helek 1956: 38-41.
Redford 1986: 276-94; see also Assmann 1997: 30-5.
Campanella [1623] 1981: 109-10.
Terrasson 173211:431.
Clarkson 1836a: 168.
Ibid.: 169.
3 The archaeologies of Amarna
Graffito no. 1 in Davies 1905b, Plate XXXV (the Greek could also be rendered as 'having sailed here up-river'); the other graffiti are nos. 29, 32, 3, 44, 31 respectively in Davies 1905b, Plate XXXV For Catullinus and his visits to Amarna, see Foertmcyer 1989: 18 and 95.
On the numen of Amarna, see Kemp and Garfi 1993: 10; Richards 1999. See Foert- meyer 1989: 314-15 for a tabular analysis of the Amarna graffiti. One person (Davies 1905b, Plate XXXV, no. 31) travelled in the month of Mesore, late in August, at the height of the flood; other graffiti dated to months were written in mid-Choiak, early Dcccmbcr, when the weather would have been more bearable (Davies 1905b, Plate XXXV nos. 35, 40). In some cases the graffiti from Ahmose's tomb are better transcribed in Letronne 1848 II: 454-9 (nos. DVII—DXXIV); he includes some omitted by Davies.
For a useful narrative account of the excavations at Amarna, see Aldred 1982: prob- lematised by Kemp 1989: 261-317 and Shaw 1999. I was unable to consult Young and Bcitzcl 1994.
Champollion 1844 II: 319-20.
Chubb 1954: 32; for a recent example of the same see Winkelman 1999.
Aldred 1973: 1 17.
Lucas 1731: 126-8.
For Sicard's career, see van de Walle 1976: 12-24 and Bierbrier 1995: 390, with references.
Sicard [1716] 1982: 105-8. For early tourism to this stela, see Murnane and Van Siclen 1993: 2-3, with footnotes 5-18.
Jomard 1821: 309-10.
Wilkinson 1847b: 306-7.
Hay diary (British Library, Add. MSS 31054: 163), slightly mistranscribed in Thompson 1992: 89-90.
Wilkinson 1847a II: 106.
Ibid. Ilclass="underline" 158.
Lepsius 1853: 114. See also Lepsius 1852: 200-2.
Osburn 1854: 333.
1 7 For press coverage of the finds at Amarna and reviews of the relevant books, see, for instance, Quarterly Review vol. 176, no. 352 (1893): 344-72; Athenaeum no. 3182 (20 October 1888): 518-19; Edinburgh Review no. 178 (July 1893): 1-32; the Calvinist publication Bibtiolheca Sacra no. 54 (1897): 334-9.
Smith 1897: 307.
Contra James 1992: 24, elite visitors to Amarna show the suprahistorical value the site had accrued by this time. For visitors to the site, see Drowcr 1985: 189. For a useful account of Petrie at Amarna, see Aldred 1988: 52-9.
Petrie's MS Journal for 13-21 November 1891.
Drawer 1985: 168-98.
Newberry 1892.
Ward 1900: 97, 104.
Rider Haggard's diary, 10 February 1923, quoted in Addy 1998: 30.
Lorimer 1909: 418-19. The pavement comcs up again and again in travelogues and Sabbatarian books: see Manning 1897: 168 (by Petrie); Ward 1900: 97, 104; Sitwell 1942: 95 (she is describing events in 1911).
Borchardt, quoted in Anthes 1958: 19. For the history of the bust, see Krauss 1987; Wilson 1964: 155 7.
Stuart 1879: 74.
See, e.g., Stark and Rayne 1998.
Eckenstein 1924: 74; see also (e.g.) Ward 1900: 94- 5.
For full analysis of digging strategies at Amarna in the 1920s and 1930s, see Shaw 1999.
Pcct and Woollcy 1923: vi (also quoted in Aldred 1982: 98).
'All such work is now far more costly than of old, and if the Society is to deal adequately with so large a site, it must have generous support from the public' (Hogarth in The Illustrated London News, 5 February 1921: 179).
'Respecting the Pharaohs', Punch, 14 February 1923.
Edwards [1877] 1888: xiii.
Comparisons of the site of Amarna with theatrical sets are very common: see e.g. Gardiner 1961: 220; Aldred 1982: 89.
Powell 1973: 61-135; Chubb 1954 passim.-, Janssen 1996; Aldred 1982: 103; Collier 1972: 1-2 (her book is dedicated to Pendlebury). The full-length biography of Pendlebury currently being prepared by Imogen Grundon promises to be definitive.
Pendlebury 1935: xxviii.
Martin 1989: 2-3 on the royal tombs; on Pendlcbury's work at Amarna sec generally Shaw 1999 and Eaton-Krauss 1997: 674.
Sec Martin 1991: nos. 1254-1266. Also Pendlebury 1932.
JEA 28 (1942) 63.
Pendlebury 1935: xiv.
Chubb 1954: 104-5.
Pendlebury et al. 1951 II: ix.
Ibid. I: 135.
Ibid. 1:87.
Chubb 1954: 63.
Bruyere 1939: 134-6, 147.
Illustrated London.News, 6 May 1933: 630.
For Egypt in tobacco advertising, see Mullen 1979: 46, 76, 117, etc.; Brier 1992passim.
H.D. [1926] 1968: 188.
Illustrated in Humbert et al. 1994: 542-4.
Curl 1982: 205 6; see also Lant 1992.
Frayling 1992: 10 26; Humbert et at. 1994: 508 -51 is more careful.
See H. Frankfort, 'Revealing Tell-el-Amarna: Recent Discoveries', The Illustrated London News, 10 August 1929; The Burlington Magazine 51 (1927): 233-5.
As Marianne Eaton-Krauss has suggested (1997: 672), this may reflect the harsh realities of archaeological sponsorship in the 1980s and 1990s, where dig directors are forced to find money from industrial sponsors, who in their turn want any archaeological research they fund to be relevant to their own business.
For the original interpretation of this structure, see Pendlebury et at. 1951 I: 60, 150, 194, followed in part by Kemp 1995: 188-203; but see the critique of this in Eaton- Krauss 1997: 674. The vine-arbour theory is argued convincingly by Traunecker and Traunecker 1984: 292-300.
For how this affects Amarna material, see Eaton-Krauss 1986: 83-4; 1997: 676.
Shanks 1996: 2.
Hodder 1984: 31.
Freud to Arnold Zweig, quoted in Freud 1970: 106.
4 Protestants, psychoanalysts and fascists
1 Jung 1963: 153-4; see alsojoncs 1953: 165-6. Others who recount this anecdote (e.g. Gay 1988: 233) leave out the Akhenaten connection. For Freud's gift to Abraham, sec Freud 1965: 28.
See Noll 1996: 189. Jung's anti-Semitism has been much debated: see Noll 1997.