K.J. Dover, Greek Homosexuality, new ed. (1989, reprinted 1997), is a good treatment. The significance of the symposium is argued for by Oswyn Murray, “The Symposion as Social Organisation,” in Robin Hägg (ed.), The Greek Renaissance of the Eighth Century B.C.: Tradition and Innovation (1983), pp. 195–199. Osnyn Murray, Early Greece (cited above) is a readable general history of the period stressing the symposium at a number of points; and Oswyn Murray (ed.), Sympotica: A Symposium on the Symposium (1990), is an important collection of essays. Interstate rivalry expressed by competitive activity at the Panhellenic sanctuaries is detailed in the brilliant book by Catherine Morgan, Athletes and Oracles: The Transformation of Olympia and Delphi in the Eighth Century BC (1990, reissued 2007). Gabriel Herman, Ritualised Friendship and the Greek City (1987, reissued 2002), examines xenia; as does Lynette G. Mitchell, Greeks Bearing Gifts: The Public Use of Private Relationships in the Greek World, 435–323 B.C. (1997, reissued 2002). Other relationships are studied in Christopher P. Jones, Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World (1999). A discussion of proxenia may be found in L.H. Jeffery, Archaic Greece: The City-States, c. 700–500 B.C. (1976), an elegant general history arranged regionally. Robert Drews, Basileus: The Evidence for Kingship in Geometric Greece (1985), argues that the early Greek “kings” (basileis) were really just hereditary aristocrats; but Pierre Carlier, La Royauté en Grèce avant Alexandre (1984), offers a differing view. Simon Hornblower and Elaine Matthews (eds.), Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence (2000), is complemented by P.M. Fraser and E. Matthews (eds.), A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names (1987– ).
Useful monographs on individual poleis important in the Archaic period include J.B. Salmon, Wealthy Corinth: A History of the City to 338 BC (1984); and Thomas J. Figueira, Aegina: Society and Politics (1981, reprinted 1986). But M.I. Finley, Politics in the Ancient World (1983, reprinted many times), warns against the dangers of writing histories of particular poleis. The later Archaic periods
Homeric warfare is treated by Hans van Wees, Status Warriors: Wars, Violence, and Society in Homer and History (1992), and in “The Homeric Way of War: The Iliad and the Hoplite Phalanx,” Greece and Rome, 41:1–18, 131–155, and Classical warfare in “Politics and the Battlefield,” chapter 7 in Anton Powell (ed.), The Greek World (1995), pp. 153–178. The classic exposition of the “hoplite theory” of tyranny is A. Andrewes, The Greek Tyrants (1956, reissued 1974); it is refined by Paul Cartledge, “Hoplites and Heroes: Sparta’s Contribution to the Technique of Ancient Warfare,” Journal of Hellenic Studies, 97:11–27 (1977). But G.L. Cawkwell, Philip of Macedon (1978), chapter 10, discusses hoplite fighting as a more individual affair than is sometimes allowed. The ideological implications of hoplite fighting are treated by W.R. Connor, “Early Greek Land Warfare as Symbolic Expression,” Past & Present, 119:3–29 (May 1988); and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, The Black Hunter: Forms of Thought and Forms of Society in the Greek World (1986; originally published in French, 1981).
W.G. Forrest, A History of Sparta, 950–192 B.C., 3rd ed. (1995), is a provocative, brief work. Paul Cartledge, Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History, 1300–362 B.C., 2nd ed. (2002), is also useful. “Laconism” is explored in Elizabeth Rawson, The Spartan Tradition in European Thought (1969, reissued 1991). Doubts about Tyrtaeus’s relation to the “Rhetra” are set out by Hans van Wees, “Tyrtaeus’ Eunomia: Nothing to Do with the Great Rhetra,” chapter 1 in Stephen Hodkinson and Anton Powell (eds.), Sparta: New Perspectives (1999), pp. 1–41. Extreme skepticism about the agoge is expressed in Nigel M. Kennell, The Gymnasium of Virtue: Education & Culture in Ancient Sparta (1995). The Kinadon affair is addressed by J.F. Lazenby, “The Conspiracy of Kinadon Reconsidered,” Athenaeum, 85 (1997), pp. 437–447, while a reply by Simon Hornblower, “Sticks, Stones, and Spartans: The Sociology of Spartan Violence,” in Hans van Wees (ed.), War and Violence in Ancient Greece (2000), pp. 57–82, considers violent stick-wielding members of the Spartan elite. R.E. Wycherley, The Stones of Athens (1978), discusses Athens’s natural advantages. Attic produce and exports are studied by Signe Isager and Mogens Herman Hansen, Aspects of Athenian Society in the Fourth Century B.C. (1975). Russell Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World (1982); and Robert Garland, The Piraeus: From the Fifth to the First Century B.C., 2nd ed. (2001), present naval aspects. Discussion of every aspect of early Athenian political history is contained in P.J. Rhodes, Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia, rev. ed. (1993). Robert Parker, Miasma: Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion (1983, reissued with minor corrections 1996), covers Cylon and the religious taint often incurred through some wrongful act or neglect of ritual obligation, and his important Athenian Religion: A History (1996), is now essential reading for Athenian history, as well as for religion, from Solon to Alexander and beyond. M.I. Finley, Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, expanded ed. (1998), investigates the link between Solon and slavery. Richard Seaford, Reciprocity and Rituaclass="underline" Homer and Tragedy in the Developing City-State (1994), analyzes “aggressive funerals.”