A good account of Peisistratid building policy in its competitive aspect is found in T. Leslie Shear, Jr., “Tyrants and Buildings in Archaic Athens,” in Athens Comes of Age: From Solon to Salamis (1978), pp. 1–15. Peisistratid artistic propaganda is summarized in John Boardman, “Archaic Greek Society: Material Culture,” chapter 7c in John Boardman et al. (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History, vol. 4, 2nd ed. (1988), pp. 414–430. R.M. Cook, “Pots and Pisistratan Propaganda,” Journal of Hellenic Studies, 107:167–169 (1987), presents another view. John S. Traill, Demos and Trittys: Epigraphical and Topographical Studies in the Organization of Attica (1986), a specialist account of the deme system based on inscriptions, supplements his The Political Organization of Attica: A Study of the Demes, Trittyes, and Phylai, and Their Representation in the Athenian Council (1975). David Whitehead, The Demes of Attica, 508/7–ca. 250 B.C.: A Political and Social Study (1986), is magisterial and reliable. Robin Osborne, Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika (1985, reissued 2005), is a speculative essay with some interesting suggestions not fully worked out. Emily Kearns, “Change and Continuity in Religious Structures after Kleisthenes,” in Paul Cartledge and F.D. Harvey (eds.), Crux (1985), pp. 189–207, is valuable on the religious aspects of Cleisthenes’s reforms. Philip Brook Manville, The Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens (1990; 2nd printing with corrections, 1992), discusses Cleisthenes and citizenship. The modern reconstructed Greek trireme is the subject of J.S. Morrison and J.F. Coates, The Athenian Trireme, 2nd ed. (2000).
Early Greek philosophy is dealt with generally in Edward Hussey, The Presocratics (1972, reissued 1983); and Jonathan Barnes, The Presocratic Philosophers, rev. ed. (1982, reissued 1999), a more difficult work; and on Pherecydes in particular in M.L. West, Early Greek Philosophy and the Orient (1971, reissued 2000). More works on Greek philosophy and philosophers can be found in the bibliography of the article history of philosophy. Rosalind Thomas, Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens (1989), supersedes all previous studies on literacy, while her Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece (1992), extends the study. Also of interest are William V. Harris, Ancient Literacy (1989); and Alan Bowman and Greg Woolf (eds.), Literacy and Power in the Ancient World (1994), a collection of interesting essays. Classical Greek civilization
Information on the Persian empire and the Ionian revolt can be found in J.M. Cook, The Persian Empire (1983, reissued as The Persians, 1999); and a postscript by David M. Lewis in A.R. Burn, Persia and the Greeks, 2nd ed. (1984, reissued as The Persian Wars, 2002). David M. Lewis, Sparta and Persia (1977), analyzes Persian administration. Simon Hornblower, Mausolus (1982), treats satrapally controlled Anatolia. Deborah Boedeker and David Sider (eds.), The New Simonides: Contexts of Praise and Desire (2001), gathers essays on this topic.
General histories of the period 479 bce to Alexander the Great include J.K. Davies, Democracy and Classical Greece, 2nd ed. (1993); and Simon Hornblower, The Greek World, 479–323 BC, 3rd ed. (2002). Russell Meiggs, The Athenian Empire (1972), offers a full scholarly history and analysis. A very different view, in particular denying that there was a mid-century qualitative change in the character of the Athenian empire, is presented by M.I. Finley, “The Fifth-Century Athenian Empire: A Balance-Sheet,” in Peter Garnsey and C.R. Whittaker (eds.), Imperialism in the Ancient World (1978), pp. 103–126. An excellent source book of translations is Robin Osborne (trans. and ed.), The Athenian Empire, 4th ed. (2000). More succinct than Meiggs is the very brief work by P.J. Rhodes, The Athenian Empire (1985). G.E.M. de Ste. Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests (1981: reissued with corrections, 1989), contains much relevant material. Athenian foreign policy in the period is explored by E. Badian, “The Peace of Callias,” Journal of Hellenic Studies, 107:1–39 (1987), with an improved version in From Plataea to Potidaea: Studies in the History and Historiography of the Pentecontaetia (1993), pp. 1–73; also valuable for other points of view are G.L Cawkwell, “The Peace Between Athens and Persia,” Phoenix, 51(2):115–130 (Summer 1997); and David M. Lewis, “The Origins of the First Peloponnesian War,” in Gordon Spencer Shrimpton and David Joseph McCargar (eds.), Classical Contributions (1981), pp. 71–78. Works on Thucydides and his History include W. Robert Connor, Thucydides (1984); Simon Hornblower, Thucydides (1987); Colin Macleod, Collected Essays (1983); Nicole Loraux, The Invention of Athens: The Funeral Oration in the Classical City, trans. from French by Alan Sheridan (2006); Lisa Kallet-Marx, Money, Expense, and Naval Power in Thucydides’ History 1–5.24 (1993); Tim Rood, Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation (1998, reissued 2004); and A.W. Gomme, A. Andrewes, and K.J. Dover, A Historical Commentary on Thucydides, 5 vol. (1945–81). This last work assumes a good knowledge of Greek, but Simon Hornblower, A Commentary on Thucydides (1991–96), translates all Greek passages that are commented on. It should be noted that, for the 5th century bce, some of the ideas in this article are argued for in the cited commentary.
Mogen Herman Hansen, The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes, updated ed., trans. from Danish (1999); and John Dunn (ed.), Democracy: The Unfinished Journey, 508 BC to AD 1993 (1992), treat Classical Athenian democracy. P.J. Rhodes, The Athenian Boule (1972, reissued 1985), discusses an important aspect of internal Athenian history in the 5th century. A full account of constitutional developments is given in Martin Ostwald, From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law (1986). J.K. Davies, Athenian Propertied Families, 600–300 B.C. (1971), is indispensable on individual politicians; it may be supplemented by Davies’s Wealth and the Power of Wealth in Classical Athens (1981). A stimulating treatment of demagogues is given in W. Robert Connor, The New Politicians of Fifth-century Athens (1971, reissued 1992); but Wesley E. Thompson, “Athenian Leadership: Expertise or Charisma?” in Gordon Spencer Shrimpton and David Joseph McCargar (eds.), Classical Contributions (1981), pp. 153–159, argues against all attempts to impute greater professionalism to them. Josiah Ober, Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens: Rhetoric, Ideology, and the Power of the People (1989), is also on this general topic. Studies on oligarchic sympathizers include L.B. Carter, The Quiet Athenian (1986); Glenn Richard Bugh, The Horsemen of Athens (1988); and Andrew Lintott, Violence, Civil Strife, and Revolution in the Classical City, 750–330 B.C. (1981, reissued 1987).