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“porosity” of human bodies: Gay, Ross. The Book of Delights. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2019, 56.
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our biological rhythms synchronize: McClintock, Martha K. “Synchronizing Ovarian and Birth Cycles by Female Pheromones.” In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 3, edited by D. Muller-Schwarze and R. M. Silverstein, 159–78. New York: Plenum Press, 1983.
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Sports fans’ heart rhythms: Maughan, Ronald, and Michael Gleeson. “Heart Rate and Salivary Cortisol Responses in Armchair Football Supporters.” Medicina Sportiva 12, no. 1 (2008): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10036-008-0004-z.
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villagers in San Pedro Manrique: Konvalinka, Ivana, Dimitris Xygalatas, Joseph Bulbulia, Uffe Schjødt, Else-Marie Jegindø, Sebastian Wallot, Guy Van Orden, and Andreas Roepstorff. “Synchronized Arousal between Performers and Related Spectators in a Fire-Walking Ritual.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 20 (May 2011): 8514–19. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016955108.
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The study of emotional contagion: Anderson, Cameron, Dacher Keltner, and Oliver P. John. “Emotional Convergence between People over Time.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003): 1054–68.
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synchronized social behaviors during childhood: Tomasello, Michael. Becoming Human. A Theory of Ontogeny. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019.
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a collective consciousness: Paul, Annie M. The Extended Mind: The Power of Thinking outside of the Brain. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021. This book provides an excellent discussion of the philosophy and new science related to the idea that our minds’ operations don’t solely reside within the skull but extend to the context and environment.
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This convergence in mind: Rimé, Bernard, Dario Páez, Nekane Basabe, and Francisco Martínez. “Social Sharing of Emotion, Post-traumatic Growth, and Emotional Climate: Follow-Up of Spanish Citizen’s Response to the Collective Trauma of March 11th Terrorist Attacks in Madrid.” European Journal of Social Psychology 40 (2010): 1029–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.700.
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Our evolutionary shift: Solnit, Rebecca. Wanderlust: A History of Walking. New York: Penguin, 2001.
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our actions within a human wave: Hill, Michael R. Walking, Crossing Streets and Choosing Pedestrian Routes: A Survey of Recent Insights from the Social/Behavioral Sciences (University of Nebraska Studies, no. 66). Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1984.
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study of walking in unison: Jackson, Joshua C., Jonathan Jong, David Bilkey, Harvey Whitehouse, Stefanie Zollmann, Craig McNaughton, and Jamin Halberstadt. “Synchrony and Physiological Arousal Increase Cohesion and Cooperation in Large Naturalistic Groups.” Science Reports 8 (2018): 127. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18023-4.
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Walking in unison gives rise: Collective movement also can generate, in certain conditions, more conformity and less creative thought, it’s worth noting. Gelfand, Michele J., Nava Caluori, Joshua C. Jackson, and Morgan K. Taylor. “The Cultural Evolutionary Trade-Off of Ritualistic Synchrony.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 375 (2020): 20190432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0432.
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Celebrants spoke of being part: Khan, Sammy S., Nick Hopkins, Stephen Reicher, Shruti Tewari, Narayanan Srinivasan, and Clifford Stevenson. “How Collective Participation Impacts Social Identity: A Longitudinal Study from India.” Political Psychology 37 (2016): 309–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12260.
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military units marching: McNeill, William H. Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008.
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cultural history of walking: Solnit. Wanderlust.
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awe-like form of consciousness: Sturm, Virginia E., et al. “Big Smile, Small Self: Awe Walks Promote Prosocial Positive Emotions in Older Adults.” Emotion. September 2020. Advance online publication, https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000876.
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We were simply naming: O’Mara, Shane O. In Praise of Walking: A New Scientific Exploration. New York: W. W. Norton, 2019. This book provides a compelling synthesis of all the mental and physical benefits of walking.
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starting in our midfifties: Graham, Carol, and Julia Ruiz Pozuelo. “Happiness, Stress, and Age: How the U-Curve Varies across People and Places.” Forthcoming in the Journal of Population Economics, 30th Anniversary Issue. Journal of Population Economics 30, no. 1 (2017): 611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-016-0611-2.
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the law of hedonic adaptation: Lyubomirsky, Sonja. “Hedonic Adaptation to Positive and Negative Experiences.” In Oxford Library of Psychology: The Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping, edited by S. Folkman, 200–204. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
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Walking gave him: Søren Kierkegaard’s Journals and Papers, ed. and trans. Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1978, 6:113.
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Jane Jacobs’s thesis: Jacobs, Jane. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House, 1961.
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coaching the Golden State Warriors: Jackson, Phil. Sacred Hoops: Spiritual Lessons of a Hardwood Warrior. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2006. In our conversations, it was clear that Steve learned a lot about team play from Phil Jackson.
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Flocks of flying birds: Fisher, Len. The Perfect Swarm: The Science of Complexity in Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books, 2007.
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