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“flickerings of that innermost flame”: Woolf, Virginia. The Essays of Virginia Woolf. Edited by Andrew McNeillie. London: Hogarth Press, 2008, 161.
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Seeking to understand those “flickerings”: Norton, Loretta, Raechelle M. Gibson, Teneille Gofton, Carolyn Benson, Sonny Dhanani, Sam D. Shemie, Laura Hornby, Roxanne Ward, and G. B. Young. “Electroencephalographic Recordings during Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy until 30 Minutes after Declaration of Death.” Canadian Journal of Neurological Science 44, no. 2 (2017): 139–45.
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beheaded at the guillotine: Taylor, Adam. “How Long Does the Brain Remain Conscious after Decapitation?” Independent, May 6, 2019. https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/decapitation-survive-speak-anne-boleyn-henry-viii-conscious-brain-a8886126.html.
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These are narratives of people: Pearson, Patricia. Opening Heaven’s Door: What the Dying Are Trying to Say about Where They’re Going. New York: Atria, 2014.
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Japanese families honor the deceased: Koren, Leonard. Wabi-Sabi: For Artists, Designers, Poets, and Philosophers. Point Reyes, CA: Imperfect Publishing, 2008.
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Chapter 11: Epiphany
“Whilst this planet”: Darwin, Charles. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. London: Murray, 1859, 489.
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Charles Darwin’s emotions: Browne, Janet. Charles Darwin. Vol. 1, Voyaging. New York: Alfred Knopf; London: Jonathan Cape, 1995. Charles Darwin. Vol. 2, The Power of Place. New York: Alfred Knopf, 2002.
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Caring for his ten-year-old daughter: Goetz, Jennifer, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, and Dacher Keltner. “Compassion: An Evolutionary Analysis and Empirical Review.” Psychological Bulletin 136, no. 3 (2010): 351–74.
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vast story of mammalian evolution: Darwin, Charles. The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
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Reading his descriptions: For a table of Darwin’s descriptions, see: Keltner, Dacher. Born to Be Good: The Science of a Meaningful Life. New York: W. W. Norton, 2009, 18–20.
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Frank’s office is: Gosling, Sam. Snoop: What Your Stuff Says about You. New York: Basic Books, 2001.
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MacArthur genius award: Sulloway, Frank J. Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond the Psychoanalytic Legend. New York: Basic Books, 1979.
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He wrote the bestselling book: Sulloway, Frank J. Born to Rebeclass="underline" Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Revolutionary Genius. New York: Pantheon, 1996.
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“I frequently went”: Darwin. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 489.
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“It is interesting to contemplate”: Darwin. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, 489–90.
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Literary studies speak of epiphanies: Kim, Sharon. Literary Epiphany in the Novel, 1850–1950. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
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the idea of systems: Capra, Fritjof, and Pier Luigi Luisi. The Systems View of Life: A Unifying Vision. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2014. For an early philosophical statement about systems thinking, see: von Bertalanffy, L. General Systems Theory. New York: Braziller, 1968.
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Various forms of life: Nowak, Martin A. “Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation.” Science 314 (2006): 1560–63.
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a systems view of life: Lent, Jeremy. The Patterning Instinct: A Cultural History of Humanity’s Search for Meaning. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2016. In this ambitious book, Jeremy Lent details how our capacity to perceive patterns emerged in many of our awe-inspiring social tendencies—moving in unison, mimicry, collective behavior. We became a pattern-perceiving species.
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Our survival depended: Lieberman, Matthew D. Sociaclass="underline" Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013.
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Many Indigenous peoples: My colleague Richard Nisbett has argued that cultures divide in terms of their systems thinking, which is more prevalent in East Asian cultures than in the West, shaped so by classical Greek philosophy and the Age of Enlightenment, and its privileging of reductionistic analysis. Nisbett, Richard. The Geography of Thought: Why We Think the Way We Do. New York: Free Press, 2003.
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the centrality of systems thinking: Wulf, Andrea. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World. New York: Vintage Books, 2015.
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Experiences of awe open: For a fascinating account of how extraordinary perceptual experiences lead people to new systems of thought, often of a spiritual or religious quality, see: Kripal, Jeffrey J. The Flip: Epiphanies of Mind and the Future of Knowledge. New York: Bellevue Literary Press, 2019.
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shift us from the illusions: Bai, Yang, Laura A. Maruskin, Serena Chen, Amie M. Gordon, Jennifer E. Stellar, Galen D. McNeil, Kaiping Peng, and Dacher Keltner. “Awe, the Diminished Self, and Collective Engagement: Universals and Cultural Variations in the Small Self.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 113, no. 2 (2017): 185–209.
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complex systems of interdependent adaptations: Wilson, Edward O. The Meaning of Human Existence. New York: Liveright Publications, 2014.
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systems-like patterns of agency: Valdesolo, P., and Jesse Graham. “Awe, Uncertainty, and Agency Detection.” Psychological Science 25 (2014): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797613501884.
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Being cultural animals: Keltner, Dacher, and James J. Gross. “Functional Accounts of Emotion.” Cognition & Emotion 13, no. 5 (1999): 467–80.