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a spell of bright optimism: TPOAR, p. 290.

“I am challenging the cultural tradition”: TPOAR, p. 294.

“Whether or not the world”: Unpublished letter to AR from BB, August 29, 1951, courtesy of MSC.

foresaw a renaissance of political liberty: TPOAR, p. 294; author interview with NB, May 5, 2004.

Alan Greenspan: MYWAR, p. 167.

He often said that Ayn Rand put the moral basis: Author interview with JMB, March 23, 2004. “I was limited until I met her,” Greenspan wrote in his 2007 memoir, The Age of Turbulence (New York: Penguin Press). “Rand persuaded me to look at human beings, their values, how they work, what they do, and why they do it. … She introduced me to a vast realm from which I’d shut myself off” (p. 53).

Until 2008: NYT, October 23, 2008; TON, August 1963, p. 31.

early months of 1957: First draft of AS (Ayn Rand Papers, LOC, box 11, folders 10–12).

he would slip away to paint: TPOAR, p. 281; “Portrait of An Artist,” p. 1.

what she called his “exalted sense of life”: Facets of Ayn Rand, p. 119.

“There were no historical influences at all in his work”: WIAR, p. 230. Since this book was written under AR’s supervision and with her guidance, this view of FO’s originality was almost surely hers.

he enrolled in the Art Students League: Author correspondence with Stephanie Cassidy, archivist, Art Students League; Facets of Ayn Rand, pp. 118–19.

Robert Brackman and Robert Beverly Hale: Author interview with Don Ventura, March 19, 2004.

popular among the students: McConnell, “Recollections of Ayn Rand I.”

women, particularly, admired his good looks: TPOAR, p. 282.

“I did not yet know about his drinking”: MYWAR, p. 162.

Rand had honored her lover: About becoming AR’s “intellectual heir,” NB said in 2004, “[Now] I don’t know what it means, but I thought I did then. I guess it meant ‘the anointed one to carry on the tradition,’ ‘the keeper of the flame’” (author interview with NB, May 5, 2004).

“The idea of the greatest literary

masterpiece”: MYWAR, p. 194.

didn’t occur to him until later: MYWAR, pp. 176–77.

limit his freedom: Author interview with NB, April 6, 2008.

“my manifesto, my profession of faith”: Unpublished letter to Newman Flower, January 2, 1938 (quoted in EOA, p. 71).

had best-seller stamped all over it: Words & Faces, p. 261.

“contextual absolutism” and “contextualism”: Rand also used the word opsolitism to describe her philosophy in a 1961 speech at the University of Michigan.

“showed us how to live without truth”: Norman Podhoretz, “Intellectuals and Writers, Then and Now,” Partisan Review, Fall 2002 (vol. 69, no. 4), pp. 507–40.

“One word leads to another!”: “Ayn Rand and Atlas Shrugged,” recorded speech by BB, Cato Institute, Washington, D.C., October 6, 2007.

the last recorded concerto of Richard Halley: Halley’s Fifth Concerto was inspired by love songs from Boris Godunov, according to follower Howard Odzer (100 Voices, Howard Odzer, p. 191–92).

“drab” prose style and core ideas: Words & Faces, p. 262.

“Nobody’s going to read that [speech]”: BC’s oral history interview on file at the Columbia University Oral History Project archives (number 719, p. 950.)

to pay for the additional paper: Unpublished letter to AR from BC, May 9, 1957, Bennett Cerf Collection, Columbia Rare Book and Manuscript Library, box 57.

“an obsession with her”: Words & Faces, p. 261.

“They were putting a great deal [of money]”: Unpublished taped interview with Bertha Krantz, conducted by BB, September 20, 1983.

“a slave to the image she built”: Unpublished taped interview with Bertha Krantz, conducted by BB, September 20, 1983.

A few months before Atlas Shrugged: BCs oral history interview, p. 948.

“Metaphysics: objective reality”: TPOAR, p. 294.

presented packages to Rand: TPOAR, p. 295.

“This is John Galt”: TPOAR, p. 296.

“That’s us!”: TPOAR, p. 294.

old nemesis from the 1930s, Granville Hicks: By 1957, Hicks had left the Communist Party. In the Times, he was identified as a literary consultant to The New Leader, a biweekly magazine published by the American Labor Conference on International Affairs.

“howl” by a harpy: Granville Hicks, “A Parable of Buried Talents,” NYT, October 13, 1957, p. 266.

“where it’s equally easy to hate both sides”: Earl P. Brown, “From the U.S.A.,” Washington Post, October 13, 1957, p. E6.

compared her ideas on mysticism to those of Hitler: Earl Wagenknecht, “As Thriller or Parable, Novel Is Absorbing,” Chicago Daily Tribune, October 13, 1957, p. B1.

“Is it a novel? Is it a nightmare?”: “The Solid-Gold Dollar Sign,” Time, October 14, 1957.

“display of grotesque eccentricity”: Robert R. Kirsch, “The Book Report,” Los Angeles Times, October 15, 1957, p. B5.

“the globe’s two billion or so incompetents”: Donald Malcolm, “The New Rand Atlas,” The New Yorker, October 26, 1957, pp. 194–96.

“crackbrained ratiocination”: “Come the Revolution,” Atlantic Monthly, November 1957, pp. 249–50.

ambition and intellectual intensity: John Chamberlain, “Ayn Rand’s Political Parable and Thundering Melodrama,” New York Herald Tribune, October 15, 1957, section 6, p. 1.

“Ayn Rand is destined to rank in history”: TPOAR, p. 298.

“I am now able to say it”: Unpublished letter to AR from William C. Mullendore, William C. Mullendore Papers, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, Subject Series, box 23, folder “Ayn Rand.”

“a cogent analysis of the evils”: Unpublished letter from LVM, January 23, 1958, courtesy of Bettina Bien Greaves.

“No one writes about the bureaucrats the way Ayn Rand does”: Author interview with Bettina Bien Greaves, December 22, 2006.

“we thought that we were going to be hooked”: BC’s oral history interview, p. 945.

partly in an attempt: “Godless Capitalism,” pp. 359–85.

“To a gas chamber—go!”: Whittaker Chambers, “Big Sister Is Watching You,” National Review, December 28, 1957, p. 120.