The early bohemian periodicals:
Mary Gay Humphreys, “Women Bachelors in New York,” Scribner’s (Aug. 1896) and “Women Bachelors in London” (Scribner’s, Aug. 1896) in which we learn “Women are everywhere; climbing down from omnibuses; coming up in processions from the under ground stations. They are hurrying along Fleet Street… Chelsea and South Kensing ton are peopled with petticoats…. This new figure has no place in fiction. That is why we know so little of her….”; “Feminine Bachelorism,” Scribner’s (Oct. 1896); Olga Stanley, “Some Reflections on the Life of a Bachelor Girl,” Outlook (Nov. 1896); Winifred Sothern, “The Truth About the Bachelor Girl,” Munsey’s (May, 1901); “The Matinee Girls,” Metropolitan (June 1900). For the origins of the Trilby character, see Lois Banner, American Beauty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984).
Novels:
From The Folks (1934; Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1992), the “Margaret” section: I. “The Hidden Time,” II. “Basement Apartment,” III. “And It Had a Green Door,” IV. “After the End of the Story.” Ruth McKenney, My Sister Eileen (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1938). Enormously popular novel turned play and musical film featuring two sisters who daringly take a basement apartment in the Village. Tragically, just after publication, Eileen, the pretty, adventurous sister, was killed in a car accident with her husband, Nathanael West, who was the author of Miss Lonelyhearts and other novels.
CHAPTER 3: THIN AND RAGING THINGS
Social crusaders:
Jane Addams, The Spirit of Youth and City Streets (New York: Macmillan, 1909), Twenty Years at Hull House (New York: Macmillan, 1910), and The Second Twenty Years at Hull House (New York: Macmillan, 1930). For more general information, Allen Davis, American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams (London: Oxford University Press, 1973); the section on Hull House in Roy Lubove, The Professional Altruist: The Emergence of Social Work as a Career (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965); Karen J. Blair, The Club Woman as Feminist: True Womanhood Redefined, 1868–1914 (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1980); William Dean Howells, The Minister’s Charge (Boston: Ticknor, 1887).
New women:
Judith Schwarz, The Radical Feminists of Heterodoxy (Lebanon, N.H.: New Victoria, 1982); Elaine Showalter, These Modern Women: Autobiographical Essays from the Twenties (Old Westbury, N.Y.: Feminist Press, 1978); Lila Rose McCabe, The American Girl at College (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1893); June Sochen, The New Woman: Feminism in Greenwich Village, 1910–1920 (New York: Quadrangle, 1972); Leslie Fishbein, Rebels in Bohemia (Chapel Hilclass="underline" University of North Carolina Press, 1982); Ellen Trimberger, “Feminism, Men and Modern Love: Greenwich Village, 1900–1925,” in Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson, eds., Powers of Desire (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983); Lewis A. Erenberg, Steppin’ Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890–1930 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981) provides an overview of attitudes among middle-class urban kids in the teens; Terry Miller, Greenwich Village and How It Got That Way (New York: Crown, 1990); Lillian Federman, Odd Girls and Twilight Ladies: A History of Lesbian Life in Twentieth-Century America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991); Lydia Kingsmill Commander, “An American Idea: Does the National Tendency Toward a Small Family Point to Race Suicide or Race Development?” The American Idea (1907; New York: Arno Press, 1972).
The tea-dancing modern girl, circa 1913:
Susanne Wilcox, “The Unrest of Modern Women,” Independent (July 8, 1909); “Why Educated Young Women Don’t Marry,” Independent (Nov. 25, 1909); Juliet Wilbor Tompkins, “Why Women Don’t Marry,” Cosmopolitan (Feb. 1907); “The Passing of the Home Daughter,” Independent (July 13, 1911); Margaret Deland, “The Change in the Feminine Ideal,” Atlantic Monthly (Mar. 1914); Ethel W. Mumford, “Where Is Your Daughter This Afternoon?” Harper’s (Jan. 17, 1914); “New Reflections on the Dancing Mania,” Current Opinion (Oct. 13, 1915); “Turkey Trot and Tango—A Disease or a Remedy? Current Opinion 55 (Sept. 1913); Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “The New Generation of Women,” Current History (Aug. 18, 1923).
White slaving:
“Five White Slave Trade Investigations, McClure’s (May 1910); “The White Slave Films” Outlook (Jan. 17, 1914); “The White Slave Films: A Review,” Outlook (Feb. 14, 1914); John Stanley, “Traffic in Souls: The Horror of White Slavery,” San Francisco Chronicle (Oct. 21, 1990).
The Gibson girclass="underline"
Ann O’Hagen, “The Athletic Girl,” Munsey’s (Aug. 1901); Richard Harding Davis, “The Origin of a Type of the American Girl,” Quarterly Illustrator, vol. III (winter 1895); “Charles Dana Gibson, the Man and His Art,” Collier’s (Dec. 1902); Winifred Scott Moody, “Daisy Miller and the Gibson Girl,” Ladies’ Home Journal (Sept. 1904); “Gibson Girl Would Fit in Fine in the ’90s,” Roanoke Times and World News (Apr. 9, 1995).
The flapper and 1920s youth:
Ann Douglas, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995); Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrill Lynd, Middletown: A Study in Con temporary American Culture (New York, Harcourt, Brace & World, 1929) was cited routinely for decades as the preeminent microcosmic view of American middle-class society; Paula Fass, The Damned and the Beautifuclass="underline" American Youth in the 1920s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977); Anita Loos, A Girl Like I (New York: Viking, 1966); John Keats, You Might as Well Live: The Life and Times of Dorothy Parker (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1970); Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, 7th ed. (New York: MacMillan, 1970); A Flapper’s Dictionary, as Compiled by One of Them (Pittsburgh: Imperial, 1922).
Periodicals:
George Ade, “Today’s Amazing Crop of 18-Year-Old Roues and 19-Year-Old Vamps,” American Magazine (March 1922); “Says Flapper Aids Church,” New York Times (Sept. 2, 1922); “An Interview with a Young Lady,” New Republic (Jan. 1925); “A Doctor’s Warning to Flappers,” Literary Digest (Oct. 1926); Judge William McAdoo, “Young Women and Crime,” Ladies’ Home Journal (Nov. 1927); Zelda Fitzgerald, “Eulogy on the Flapper,” Metropolitan (1929); Ruth Hooper, “Flapping Not Repented Of,” New York Times Book Review (July 16, 1926).