Thutmose III asked him, “Why didn’t you continue to combat the Hittites?”
“I felt that my army was exhausted,” Seti I replied, “while at the same time the Hittites as a nation were extremely tough in battle.”
“The only glorious way to deal with an enemy,” Thutmose III retorted, “is to fight against him, not to make a treaty of peace with him!”
“A treaty of peace is preferable to a war without glory,” Seti I answered.
At this, Akhenaten inquired, “Why did you not apply the Divine Law, the law of love and peace?”
Horemheb cut in sharply, “That which led to the empire’s ruin and left it defenseless?”
“Did you join yourself to the Divine Lineage,” Khufu queried, “in order to rule as a son of the gods?”
“I did this with my wife at the temple of Amun, in accordance with the observed rituals,” Seti I told him.
“I am pleased with this son, so lofty of purpose!” Isis exclaimed.
And so Osiris pronounced judgment, “Come take your place among the Immortals.”
26
AGAIN, HORUS HERALDED, “King Ramesses the Second!”
Then entered a tall, fit-looking man who advanced in his shroud until he loomed before the throne.
Thoth, Recorder of the Divine Court, declaimed, “He came to the throne at his father’s demise. He buttressed Egypt’s rule over Nubia and Asia. He waged war against the Hittites, then concluded with them a treaty of peace. Thenceforth he devoted the rest of his long life to a campaign of construction of a kind never before seen in the history of his country. It was an age of building and of a blossoming of the arts, and of luxury. His life stretched to nearly a century, and he enjoyed it to the full, siring nearly three hundred children.”
Then Osiris asked him to speak.
“In truth, I usurped the throne from my brother, the heir apparent,” Ramesses II replied. “I was certain that the hour demanded a man of power, while my brother’s weakness, despite his legitimate claim to rule, would bring disaster to Egypt. I was boldly ambitious, determined to provide the greatest degree of security, order, justice, and prosperity to my country at home, while bringing back to our empire its splendor of old. I deepened our dominion over Nubia, then did the same in Palestine, Syria, and the Lebanon, whose rulers and princes rushed forward to swear their oath of submission.
“Next I turned toward Qadesh to deliver the decisive blow to my strongest adversary, the king of the Hittites. But to my bad luck I found myself encircled by the foe, while the rest of my forces were quite far from me, in the south. I felt a rage rising within me, out of fear for Egypt’s honor, which I held within my own hands. I prayed a long time to my God, reminding Him that I had only left my country to raise up His name and to impose His majesty. Then I fell upon the enemy, with the pick of my personal guard around me. I smote them like a thunderbolt. As the light of my glory shattered their hearts and their doom came inexorably under my blows, I drove a gap between them and passed through it to reach my army. Then we wheeled back around at them and beat them down until they threw themselves into the river, and our victory was complete.
“Following this I laid siege to Qadesh, suggesting an armistice to the king. I did not find this shameful, as I had regained territories for the empire that had not previously been restored. Afterward I dedicated my life to construction, marrying the daughter of the Hittite monarch as a way of cementing our peace. I erected structures of sorts never before built by any pharaoh. I brought forth happiness to the people of Egypt such as they had not known until then, and which I doubt they have known since.”
“Yet you began your career by usurping your brother’s right to the throne,” his father, Seti I, scolded him.
“I cannot respect a law which would grant the throne to a feeble man who does not deserve it.”
“Where did you get your power to know the Divine Will?” Akhenaten taunted him. “What you have said about your brother was said about me, yet I was the first ruler to create a kingdom for the One True God on earth.”
“But that was a catastrophe for both the nation and the empire.…” Ramesses II rejoined.
Thutmose III then asked, “Pray tell me how it behooved a triumphant leader like yourself not only to make a treaty of peace with your enemy, but to marry his daughter, as well?”
“He was the one who asked for it,” said Ramesses II, “and I found it beneficial to both parties.”
“And how, O King, did you find yourself surrounded in battle?” continued Thutmose III.
“Two of the enemy’s spies fell into our hands. They falsely informed us that the Hittite army was to the north of Qadesh,” answered Ramesses II. “I thus hurried with the vanguard of my troops to take the land south of the city. However, the enemy was actually lying in wait to the east, from which he struck to encircle me.”
“You set off in haste when you should have waited for your army to reach you from the south,” said Thutmose III. “You are courageous — there is no doubt about that — but you are not a prudent commander.”
“Yet I broke through the siege, then turned the attack back on the enemy with the rest of my army,” Ramesses II protested. “They then fell into the trap which they themselves had set for me — I tore them to pieces and scored a decisive victory.”
“Your objective was not merely to win a battle,” Thutmose III said, moving to the point of his discourse. “Rather, you clearly wanted to conquer Qadesh, as I had done, because it controls the roads in every direction. Therefore, you have no right to claim victory when you did not achieve the purpose of your expedition.”
“What do you say about my routing the enemy’s army?” Ramesses II asked.
“I say that you won a battle but you lost the war,” Thutmose III riposted, “while your enemy lost a battle but won the war. He enticed you to make peace in order to reorganize his ranks. He welcomed your relationship by marriage in order to fix your friendly attitude before making good his losses. He was content to keep Qadesh as a place from which to threaten any point in your empire in future.”
“During all of my long reign, the security of my homeland was not disturbed for even one hour,” Ramesses II responded. “Nor was there a single violent rebellion anywhere in our vast empire, while no enemy dared cast an aggressive glance at our borders.”
“I cannot dismiss your merit,” Thutmose III conceded. “You restored to Egypt the greatest part of her empire, and were marked by your overwhelming personal valor, which put fear into the hearts of your enemies.”
“And do not forget that my era was the greatest age of construction in the country,” said Ramesses II.
“Did you build a pyramid?” Khufu asked him.
“No, but man does not build pyramids alone,” said Ramesses II. “There is not one province in Egypt without a temple or an obelisk or a statue of mine.”
“But you appropriated my ruined temple and turned it into your own funerary complex,” Akhenaten intervened. “You repeated this assault on your other predecessors’ monuments, engraving your name where it did not rightfully belong. You minimized the accomplishments of all the great ones who came before you, as if the One God had created only you alone.”
“In this sacred hall I will not deny any error or defend any impetuous act,” Ramesses II retorted, “but I would prefer that someone innocent of heresy and licentiousness accuse me.”
Osiris broke in, “Don’t forget, O King, that you are addressing someone who has endured this same trial and emerged from it as an Immortal. Apologize.”
Ramesses II muttered, “I apologize.”
“What of your experience with women?” Queen Hatshepsut queried him. “And did you find time to treat kindly with your three hundred children?”