"freedom of art": Quoted in ibid., 45.
Ausstellung entartete Kunst: See Stephanie Barron, ed., Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi Germany (Los Angeles, 1984).
adopted hometown: Large, Ghosts, 232.
"denied traditional autonomy": Peter Raabe, Die Musik im Dritten Reich (Regensburg, 1936), 9.
"to each other": Quoted in Michael H. Kater, The Twisted Muse. Musicians and Their Music in the Third Reich (New York, 1997), 75–76.
"events in Germany": Quoted in ibid., 93.
"back in Berlin": Quoted in Heilbut, Exiled in Paradise, 150. On Weill in exile, see Ronald Sanders, The Days Grow Short. The Life and Music of Kurt Weill (Los Angeles, 1980), 196–395.
"giant mortuary": Quoted in Kater, Muse, 79.
"friend Stefan Zweig": Quoted in Josef Wulf, Musik im Dritten Reich (Frankfurt, 1983), 197–198.
"a matter of survival"; "justified": Vossische Zeitung, April 11, 1933.
"musicians of the present": Quoted in Shirakawa, Devil’s Music Master, 153.
"art institutes of the new Reich": Völkischer Beobachter, Dec. 7, 1934.
"appointed by him": Quoted in Wulf, Musik, 378.
Karajan: On Karajan’s meteoric career, see Berndt W. Wessling, Herbert von Karajan. Eine kritische Biographie (Munich, 1994).
"arrogant fop": Robert Kraft, "The Furtwängler Enigma," New York Review of Books, Oct. 7, 1993, 10.
NSRSO: See Kater, Muse, 33–34.
"in the jazz band"; "works of German composers": Quoted in Kater, Drummers, 29, 44.
"Golden Seven"; "prohibitions and decrees": Quoted in ibid., 52–56, 57.
"we were": Peter Gay, My German Question. Growing Up in Nazi Berlin (New Haven, 1998), 111.
"have any more Jews!": Fromm, Blood and Banquets, 103.
who was a Jew: On the anti-Semitic measures, see Engeli and Ribbe, "Berlin in der NS-Zeit," 952–960; Hans Gerd Sellenthin, Geschichte der Juden in Berlin und des Gebäudes Fasanenstrasse 79/80 (Berlin, 1959), 70–90; Helmut Genschel, Die Verdrängung der Juden aus der Wirtschaft im Dritten Reich (Göttingen, 1966).
"with great interest": Quoted in Arnd Krüger, Die Olympische Spiele 1936 und die Weltmeinung (Berlin, 1972), 53.
threatened boycott: Duff Hart-Davis, Hitler’s Games: The 1936 Olympics (New York, 1986), 10.
"athlete in history": Quoted in Richard D. Mandell, The Nazi Olympics (New York, 1971), 76.
permission from him: Hans-Georg Sttimke and Rudi Finkler, Rosa Winkel, rosa Listen (Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1981), 252.
"practical than New York": Mandell, Nazi Olympics, 140.
"Adolf Hitler!": Berlin Wirbt!, 18.
"White House"; "have added"; "government money": Dodd, Diary, 340–343.
"die Juden zu brei": Quoted in Krüger, Die Olympische Spiele, 229.
"front for the general visitors": William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary (New York, 1941), 65.
foreign press reports: Jürgen Bellers, ed., Die Olympiade Berlin 1936 im Spiegel der ausländischen Presse (Münster, 1986), 232–233; 20–21, 51–52.
"invent one"; "ever been built"; "I yelled": Quoted in David Herbert Donald, Look Homeward. A Life of Thomas Wolfe (New York, 1988), 385, 386.
"man of the hour in Germany": Quoted in Mandell, Nazi Olympics, 227.
"experienced such passion": Riefenstahl, Memoir, 199.
Olympia: For an analysis of the film, see Cooper C. Graham, Leni Riefenstahl and Olympia (Metuchen, N.J., 1986).
"forced themselves": Quoted in Reuth, Goebbels, 219.
"collect his thoughts": Quoted in ibid. On the anniversary, see Engeli and Ribbe, "Berlin in der NS-Zeit," 972; and Gerhard Weiss, "Panem et Circenses: Berlin’s Anniversaries as Political Happenings," in Charles W. Haxthausen and Heidrun Suhr, eds., Berlin: Culture and Metropolis (Minneapolis, 1991), 244–246.
"Germania": See Hans J. Reichardt and Wolfgang Schäche, Von Berlin nach Germania. Ausstellungskatolog (Berlin, 1986); Barbara Miller Lane, Architecture and Politics in Germany 1918–1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1968).
"traitorous elements": Quoted in Rudy Koshar, Germany’s Transient Pasts. Preservation and National Memory in the Twentieth Century (Chapel Hill, 1998), 164.
"a sublime metropolis": Quoted in Hochman, Architects of Fortune, 259.
"hang the expense": Quoted in David Irving, Göring. A Biography (New York, 1990), 153.
"a zero": Quoted in Gitta Sereny, Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth (New York, 1995), 140.
"politics"; "from the Communists"; "dusty bureaucrats": Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York, 1970), 17, 22, 53.
"stone abutments"; "law of ruins": Ibid. 55–56.
"greatest of all plans"; "Paris and Vienna"; "about that"; "soap company": Ibid., 73, 75, 102.
"master of the world": Jochmann, ed., Monologe, 101–102.
"move out"; "only by war": Speer, Inside the Third Reich, 75.
"horrible sexual degenerate": Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini (New York, 1982), 185.
"history themselves"; "loose upon it": François-Poncet, Fateful Years, 246.
"delirious joy": Shirer, Berlin Diary, 149.
Niemöller resistance: Engeli and Ribbe, "Berlin in der NS-Zeit," 961.
Catholics and Nazism in Berlin: Ibid., 964–968; Cécile Lowenthal-Hensel, 50 Jahre Bistum Berlin. Menschen und Ereignisse 1930–1945 (Berlin, 1980).
"from the grass roots": John Cornwell, Hitler’s Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII (New York, 1999), 7.
Polish Jew expulsions: Leni Yahil, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945 (New York, 1991), 109.
"spontaneous anti-Jewish riots": Goebbels, Die Tagebücher, III, 1281.
"crystal night": See Walter H. Pehle, ed., November 1938: From ‘Reichskristallnacht’ to Genocide (New York, 1991).
"torn records"; "desired and expected purpose": Quoted in Dippel, Bound, 245.
"army of vandals"; "by a hurricane": Gay, My German Question, 133–135.
"degradation ritual": Marion A. Kaplan, Between Dignity and Despair. Jewish Life in Nazi Germany (New York, 1998), 122.
"the German nightmare": Gay, My German Question, 134.
"for God’s sake": Inge Deutschkron, Outcast. A Jewish Girl in Wartime Berlin (New York, 1989), 35–36.
"disturbed by the events": Quoted in Reuth, Goebbels, 240–241.
"do things like that"; "private property": Quoted in Read and Fisher, Berlin Rising, 217.
"can be sure of that": Quoted in Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, Hitler’s Willing Executioners. Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (New York, 1996), 101.
"airhead Goebbels": Quoted in Richard Breitman, The Architect of Genocide. Himmler and the Final Solution (New York, 1991), 53.
"a nice bloodletting": Quoted in Reuth, Goebbels, 241.
"ghetto decree"; 75,000 remained: Engeli and Ribbe, "Berlin in der NS-Zeit," 958.