Moldova, 10, 17, 19, 94–98, 134–35, 175, 242–44, 255
annexation threat, 133
compatriot policies, 117–18
history of, 99–100
humanitarian policies, 115–16
information warfare, 124
passportization, 42–43, 121–22
protection, 131–32
and Russian interests, 106–7
Russian speakers, 104–5
soft power, 112–13
Molotov-Ribentrop Pact, 31, 49
Moscow City Council, 38
Motyl, Alexander, 6, 8, 12–13, 15
Nagorno-Karabakh, 211, 214–15, 221, 227, 231, 234–35, 238–39, 248
Narva, 144, 157–59, 167, 170, 230, 245
NATO, 17–18, 48, 56, 106, 123–24, 135, 184, 244, 246
and Armenia, 221
and Baltic States, 17, 22, 56, 136–38, 141, 145–48, 151–52, 167–70, 224, 242
Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence, 165
and Crimea, 22
enlargement, 6–8, 15, 107, 110, 251, 254
and Georgia, 114–15, 130
and Kazakhstan, 209
and Moldova, 94, 107
Partnership for Peace, 17, 185
and Turkey, 239
and Turkmenistan, 176
and Ukraine, 110, 133
Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 73, 172, 174–75, 186, 188, 190–91, 194, 199, 204–6, 208–9, 247, 249
“new Cold War,” 8, 21, 241–42
Nikonov, Vyacheslav, 31–32
Niyazov, Saparmurat, 176, 196, 198, 204
northern Kazakhstan, 3, 8, 42, 207–9
North Stream pipeline, 223
Novinsky, Vadim, 112
Nozhenko, Maria, 83–84
Nye, Joseph, 29
Obama, Barack, 8
Olekas, Juozas, 168
Orthodox Christian, 17, 31–32, 40, 64, 93, 98, 214
Orthodox Church. See Russian Orthodox Church
Pain, Emil, 8
passportization, 9–10, 23, 27–28, 33, 38, 41–44, 53, 72, 83, 89, 243, 245, 247, 249, 255
in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, 119–20
in Armenia, 231–33
in Belarus, 230
in Crimea, 120–21
in Estonia, 156–58
in Kazakhstan, 198–200
in Kyrgyzstan, 198
in Latvia, 159
in Tajikistan, 198
in Transnistria, 121–22
in Turkmenistan, 198–99
Patriarch Kirill I, 32, 112, 190
Patrushev, Nikolai, 15
peacekeeping, 9, 33, 36, 55
in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, 115–16, 125, 130, 192
in Kosovo, 221
in Kyrgyzstan, 192
in Tajikistan, 192–93, 198
in Transnistria, 115–16, 131
in Ukraine, 116
Peter the Great, 5, 12, 146–47
Pilkington, Hilary, 70
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 146, 212
Polish minority in Lithuania, 161–62
propaganda. See Russian propaganda
Putin, Vladimir, 1, 6, 18–19, 28, 35, 54, 94, 130, 136, 188, 243, 250–51
and Armenia, 220, 228
and Baltic States, 150, 155, 158, 163, 167
and Belarus, 224, 226
and Central Asian countries, 173, 205
and compatriot policies, 16, 37–38, 57, 64, 69, 75–80, 83–84, 86–88, 91–93
and Georgia, 6, 98, 117, 119, 125
and imperialism, 4, 7, 9, 14–15, 21–22, 25–26
and information warfare, 46–50
and Kazakhstan, 185, 188
and Moldova, 132
and passportization, 42
and protection, 52
and soft power, 31–32
and Turkmenistan, 198–99
and Ukraine, 102, 108, 110, 118, 127, 129
Rahmon, Emomali, 177, 209
Reagan, Ronald, 13, 59
reimperialization. See Russian reimperialization policy trajectory
resettlement program, 197, 231–32
responsibility to protect, 130
Riga, 137, 158, 236
Rogozin, Dmitry, 46–47
Romania, 59, 108–9, 131
Romanian language, 99
Romanov, Vladimir, 150
Romanov Empire, 4–5, 12, 14, 26, 108
Rosatomprom, 185–86
Rossotrudnichestvo. See International Humanitarian Cooperation
RusAl, 191
Rus’ patriotic movement, 206
Russia House, 27, 39, 84
Russian Citizenship Law, 43, 119
Russian culture, 29–31, 49, 62, 65, 80, 87, 90
in Armenia, 216
in Baltic States, 149–50
in Belarus, 213, 215
in Kazakhstan, 205
in Kyrgyzstan, 195, 201
Russian diaspora. See Russian minorities
Russian Empire, 4–5, 12, 99–101, 106, 146, 174, 212, 250
Russian gas exports, 19, 109
Russian language, 2, 79–80, 86
in Armenia, 216, 227
in Baltic states, 155, 163, 165, 255
in Belarus, 225
Federal Target Program, 79, 87
in Georgia, 116
in Kazakhstan, 189–90
in Moldova, 117
in Ukraine, 122
Russian media, 30, 45, 48, 86, 111–12, 122–24, 163, 165, 201–3, 218, 233, 255
Russian minorities, 37, 245, 252
in Armenia, 211, 215–16
in Belarus, 215
in Estonia, 138
in Georgia, 98–99
in Kazakhstan, 178
in Kyrgyzstan, 178
in Latvia, 138
in Lithuania, 161
in Moldova, 99–100
in Tajikistan, 178
in Turkmenistan, 178
in Ukraine, 100–101
in Uzbekistan, 178
Russian National Security Concept, 44, 76, 78, 88, 91
Russian Orthodox Church, 149, 159, 190, 225, 227, 254
Russian propaganda, 36, 44–49, 53, 85, 145, 243, 255–56
in Armenia, 235
in Baltic States, 162–66
in Belarus, 219, 233, 236
in Georgia, 124, 129
in Kazakhstan, 208
in Kyrgyzstan, 201, 203
in Moldova, 124
special propaganda, 45–46
in Ukraine 39, 123, 128
Russian reimperialization policy trajectory, 9–12, 26, 56, 172, 242
Russian Senate, 9
Russian soft power, 9–10, 26–27, 29–33, 37, 43, 60–61, 84, 87, 240, 254
in Armenia, 226–29
in Belarus, 225–26, 238
in Estonia, 148–51
in Georgia, 113–15
in Kazakhstan, 189, 191–92
in Kyrgyzstan, 189–91
in Latvia, 148–51
in Lithuania, 148–51
in Moldova, 112–13
in Tajikistan, 189
in Turkmenistan, 189–90
in Ukraine, 111–12
in Uzbekistan, 189–90
Russian World, 52, 155, 195
Russia’s Foreign Policy Concept of 2000, 61, 87
Russification, 61
in Armenia, 214
in Baltic states, 138, 146, 161
in Belarus, 212–13, 225, 230, 248
in Central Asia, 178
in Moldova, 99–100
in Soviet Union, 5
in Tsarist Russia, 5
in Ukraine, 100–101
Russkiy Dom. See Russia House
Russkiy Mir. See Russian World
Russkiy Mir Foundation, 27, 31–32, 39, 49, 84, 148–49, 154, 160, 194–95, 203, 227, 229
Russo-Georgian war, 3, 15, 21, 28, 47, 51–53, 84, 88, 93, 98, 117, 130, 199, 242
Russo-Ukrainian war, 88, 127–29
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 90, 130
Sargsyan, Serzh, 228
Sargsyan, Tigran, 231–32
Savisaar, Edgar, 156
Second World War, 35, 45, 50, 58, 62, 84, 112, 137, 163, 226
separatism, 27, 42, 56, 253
in Abkhazia and South Ossetia, 95, 119
in Armenia, 234
in Crimea, 6, 111
in Estonia, 169
in Gaugazia, 100, 131–32
in Kazakhstan, 10, 195, 206–10
in Latvia, 159
in Transnistria, 121
in Ukraine, 39, 54, 73, 102, 110, 238
Serbia, 59
Sevastopol, 110, 120–21, 126–27, 193, 236