shale gas, 109
Shevel, Oxana, 90
Snyder, Timothy, 62
soft power, 255
definition of, 29. See also Russian soft power
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 188
South Ossetia, 28, 42, 52, 98, 107, 134, 244, 252, 254
compatriot policies, 88, 116
information warfare, 124–25
passportization, 43, 83, 120
peacekeeping in, 115, 130
protection, 131
soft power, 113
Soviet Comintern, 40
Soviet empire, 5, 14, 60, 62, 97, 251
Soviet occupation, 49, 137, 146, 152, 162–63
Soviet troops, 6
in Baltic States, 66, 152
in Moldova, 97, 126, 131, 242
in Nagorno-Karabakh, 214
in Tajikistan, 186
Soviet Union, 8, 14–15, 30
and Armenia, 214
and Baltic States, 148, 163, 168
and Belarus, 230
and compatriot policies, 2, 41, 43, 53, 57–58, 60–65, 74, 77–78, 83–86, 89, 93
empire, 4, 12, 26, 60, 106, 108
and Kazakhstan, 174, 192
and Transnistria, 99, 121
Soyuz camps, 155, 196, 209
spetspropaganda. See Russian propaganda: special propaganda
Stalin, Joseph, 16, 31, 59
ethnic policies of, 5, 22, 61–63, 74, 76, 99, 101
Stalinism, 49–50, 100
Stankevich, Sergei, 66–69
strategiceskaja maskirovka. See strategic masking
strategic masking, 46
Tajik civil war (1992–97), 186, 192, 198
Tajikistan, 23, 172, 208–10, 221, 247
compatriot policies, 193, 196–98
history of, 176–78
humanitarian policies, 192–93
information warfare, 202
passportization, 41, 73, 198
protection, 206
and Russian interests, 185–86, 188
Russian speakers, 182–83
soft power, 189
Tengizchevroil, 191
Tengiz oil field, 191
Tolz, Vera, 63–64
Tomaševski, Valdemar, 162
Transneft, 187, 191
Transnistria, 6, 53, 95, 97, 99, 106, 110, 133, 242, 244
compatriot policies, 98, 117
humanitarian policies, 115
passportization, 43, 121–22
protection, 131–32
and Russian interests, 113
soft power, 124
Treisman, Daniel, 14
Trenin, Dmitri, 7
Tsarist Russia, 3, 5, 13–14, 98, 213, 250–51
Turkey, 20, 188, 239
and Armenia, 211–12, 215, 220–21, 238
Turkmenistan, 20, 23, 45, 73, 172, 208–9, 243, 246, 248, 250, 253
compatriot policies, 196
history of, 176
information warfare, 200–202
passportization, 198–99
protection, 206
and Russian interests, 187–88
Russian speakers, 180–81
soft power, 189–90
201st Motorized Rifle Division, 186, 193
Ukraine, 10, 19–20, 22, 28, 47, 52, 134–35, 238, 241–45
annexation, 132–33
compatriot policies, 9, 118–19
history of, 6, 15, 62, 100–101
humanitarian policies, 115–16
information warfare, 122–24
passportization, 120–21
protection, 126–29
and Russian interests, 108–10
Russian speakers, 102–3
and separatism, 54, 73, 102, 110, 238
soft power, 111–12
United Nations, 35–36, 153
United States, 6, 8, 20, 36, 169, 170, 175–76, 254–55
and Armenia, 222, 224, 228, 235, 239
and Kyrgyzstan, 185, 203
and Turkmenistan, 176
and Uzbekistan, 175
Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod gas pipeline, 109
Ušakovs, Nils, 158
Uzbekistan, 20, 23, 60, 70, 172, 208–9, 246, 248
compatriot policies, 196–97
history of, 101, 174–75
humanitarian policies, 192
information warfare, 200, 202
protection, 206
and Russian interests, 186–88
Russian speakers, 183–84
soft power, 189–90
Vilnius, 138, 160–61, 165
Visaginas, 161, 167
VTB United basketball league, 150
Warsaw Pact States, 6, 14, 224
World Congress of Russian Compatriots, 40, 86, 91, 118
World Coordination Council of Russian Compatriots, 86
Yastrzhembsky, Sergey, 163
Yeltsin, Boris, 6, 25, 64–69, 71–73, 76, 93, 152–53, 162, 193, 205
Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 7, 205, 207
Ziegler, Charles, 64
Copyright
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