19 Larry Kaplow, “U.S. Claims Defense in Killing 13, Iraqis Said Just Protesting,” Cox News Service, April 29, 2003. Also: Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.
20 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003.
21 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003.
22 Among others: “US Troops Shoot Dead Three Iraqi Demonstrators,” Xinhua News Agency (China), April 30, 2003.
23 Mohamed Hasni, “US Troops Shoot Dead 13 Iraqis at Anti-American Protest,” Agence France-Presse, April 29, 2003.
24 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003.
25 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.
26 Human Rights Watch Report, “Violent Response: The U.S. Army in Al-Falluja,” June 2003.
27 These claims were very widespread and represented in virtually all on-the-ground media reports from Fallujah on the incident.
28 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.
29 Alan Philps, “U.S. Troops Fire Into Crowd: 13 Iraqis Killed, 75 Wounded. U.S. Claims Protesters Fired First Shots,” Daily Telegraph (London), April 30, 2003.
30 Ibid.
31 Elizabeth Neuffer, “US, Iraqis at Odds on Protesters’ Deaths,” Boston Globe, April 30, 2003.
32 Ibid.
33 Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Troops Kill Anti-U.S. Protesters; Accounts Differ; 13 Dead, Many Hurt, Iraqis Say,” Washington Post, April 30, 2003.
34 Phil Reeves, “Iraq Aftermath: At Least 10 Dead As US Soldiers Fire on School Protest; US Put Under Pressure After Civilian Shooting, As Europe Forges Ahead,” The Independent (London), April 30, 2003.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003; Mohamed Hasni, “US Troops Shoot Dead 13 Iraqis at Anti-American Protest,” Agence France-Presse, April 29, 2003.
38 Human Rights Watch Report, “Violent Response: The U.S. Army in Al-Falluja,” June 2003.
39 Ibid.
40 Ellen Knickmeyer, “U.S. Soldiers Fire on Iraqi Protesters After Reportedly Taking Fire; Hospital Chief Says 13 Iraqis Are Dead,” Associated Press, April 29, 2003.
41 “US Troops Kill 13 at Pro-Saddam Rally, Claim Self-defence,” Agence France-Presse, April 29, 2003.
42 Elizabeth Neuffer, “US, Iraqis at Odds on Protesters’ Deaths,” Boston Globe, April 30, 2003.
43 Phil Reeves, “Iraq Aftermath: At Least 10 Dead As US Soldiers Fire on School Protest; US Put Under Pressure After Civilian Shooting, As Europe Forges Ahead,” The Independent (London), April 30, 2003.
44 Human Rights Watch Report, “Violent Response: The U.S. Army in Al-Falluja,” June 2003.
45 Ibid.
46 Scott Wilson, “U.S. Forces Kill 2 More Civilians; Tensions Remain High in City in Central Iraq,” Washington Post, May 1, 2003.
47 Ian Fisher, “U.S. Force Said to Kill 15 Iraqis During an Anti-American Rally,” New York Times, April 30, 2003.
48 See, for example: Martin Sieff, “Falluja Fire-bell in the Night,” United Press International, May 1, 2003.
49 P. Mitchell Prothero, “Second Day of Fighting at al-Falluja,” UPI, April 30, 2003.
50 Ian Fisher with Michael R. Gordon, “G.I.s Kill 2 More Protesters in an Angry Iraqi City,” New York Times, May 1, 2003.
51 P. Mitchell Prothero, “Second Day of Fighting at al-Falluja,” UPI, April 30, 2003.
52 Ian Fisher with Michael R. Gordon, “G.I.s Kill 2 More Protesters in an Angry Iraqi City,” New York Times, May 1, 2003.
53 Scott Wilson, “U.S. Forces Kill 2 More Civilians; Tensions Remain High in City in Central Iraq,” Washington Post, May 1, 2003.
54 Ibid.
55 Ibid.
56 Ian Fisher with Michael R. Gordon, “G.I.s Kill 2 More Protesters in an Angry Iraqi City,” New York Times, May 1, 2003.
57 “Rumsfeld Flies Into Iraq and Declares Iraqis Free,” Agence France-Presse, April 30, 2003.
58 Ibid.
59 Phil Reeves, “Iraq Aftermath: Iraqi Rage Grows After Fallujah Massacre,” Independent on Sunday (London), May 4, 2003.
60 As published on Guardian (London) Web site, “Full text: The Saddam Hussein ‘Letter,’” translated by Brian Whitaker, April 30, 2003.
61 Charles J. Hanley, “U.S. Troops, Conservative Religion a Fiery Combination in Heartland Town,” Associated Press, May 1, 2003.
62 Niko Price, “U.S. Troops Again Fire on Anti-American Protesters; Rumsfeld Visits Baghdad,” Associated Press, April 30, 2003.
63 Charles J. Hanley, “U.S. Troops, Conservative Religion a Fiery Combination in Heartland Town,” Associated Press, May 1, 2003.
64 Sudarsan Raghavan, “Resistance Songs Urge Iraqis to Rise Up Against Occupiers,” Knight-Ridder , December 28, 2003.
65 Ivan Watson, “Inexpensive Propaganda DVDs Being Produced by Insurgents in Fallujah, Iraq,” National Public Radio Morning Edition transcript, March 31, 2004.
66 Sudarsan Raghavan, “Resistance Songs Urge Iraqis to Rise Up Against Occupiers,” Knight-Ridder , December 28, 2003.
CHAPTER 5
1 Some of the best information on Paul Bremer’s time in Iraq can be found in his book: L. Paul Bremer III with Malcolm McConnell, My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2006.
2 T. Christian Miller, “War’s Aftermath: Stinging Report on Missing Funds; Audit Finds U.S.-led Coalition Managed Iraqi Money Poorly,” Los Angeles Times, January 31, 2005.
3 Bremer cochaired, with former Attorney General Edwin Meese, the Heritage Foundation’s Homeland Security Taskforce.
4 Nixon Center program brief, “Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism; A Presentation by Ambassador L. Paul Bremer” at The Nixon Center, Washington, D.C., July 19, 2000. See: www.nixoncenter.org/publications/Program%20Briefs/vol6no19 Bremer.htm.
5 See Marsh & McLennan Web site www.mmc.com/about/history.php.
6 L. Paul Bremer, “What Now? Crush Them; Let Us Wage Total War on Our Foes,” Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2001.
7 Fox Special Report with Brit Hume transcript, “Terrorism Hits America,” Fox News, September 11, 2001.
8 Naomi Klein, “Downsizing in Disguise,” The Nation, June 23, 2003.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
11 L. Paul Bremer, My Year in Iraq, pp. 6-7.
12 Knut Royce (Newsday), “Diplomat Expected to Take Charge in Iraq; Bremer to Replace Garner as Leader of Postwar Transition,” Seattle Times, May 2, 2003.