13.Seneca, Letters 78.28.
14.Seneca, On the Happy Life 15.5.
15.The early Greek Stoic Chrysippus wrote, “A blow that has not previously been foreseen strikes us harder” (quoted in Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 3.52). For a study of the premeditation of adversity in Stoicism and in Seneca, see Mireille Armisen-Marchetti, “Imagination and Meditation in Seneca: The Example of the Praemeditatio,” in Oxford Readings in Classical Studies: Seneca, edited by John G. Fitch (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 102–13.
16.Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 2.1.
17.Seneca, Letters 76.35.
18.Seneca, Natural Questions 4B.13.11.
19.Seneca, On Providence 5.9.
20.Seneca, On Providence 3.3.
21.Seneca, Letters 67.14.
22.Seneca, On Providence 2.6.
23.Epictetus, Discourses 1.24.1–2.
24.Seneca, On Providence 4.6.
25.Seneca, On Providence 2.4.
26.Seneca, Letters 85.41.
27.Epictetus, Handbook 18.
28.Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 6.50.
29.Seneca, Letters 45.9.
30.Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 5.20 (Gregory Hayes translation).
CHAPTER 7: WHY YOU SHOULD NEVER COMPLAIN
1.Seneca, On Anger 3.6.3.
2.Cited by Peter Bregman, “The Next Time You Want to Complain at Work, Do This Instead,” Harvard Business Review (May 17, 2018). https://hbr.org/2018/05/the-next-time-you-want-to-complain-at-work-do-this-instead.
3.Bregman, “The Next Time You Want to Complain at Work, Do This Instead.”
4.Will Bowen, “A Complaint Free World.” https://www.willbowen.com/complaintfree/.
5.Epictetus, Discourses 2.18.13.
6.Guy Winch, “How to Deal with Chronic Complainers: What They Want and What They Need Are Very Different Things,” Psychology Today (July 15, 2011). https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-squeaky-wheel/201107/how-deal-chronic-complainers.
7.See Arius Didymus, Epitome of Stoic Ethics: “live in agreement with nature” (6b) and “happiness is a smooth flow of life” (6e). Also compare Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers 7.87–89.
8.In her book Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), Susanne Bobzien has collected the evidence and ancient sources confirming this. See also the article by Mikolaj Domaradzki, “Theological Etymologizing in the Early Stoa,” Kernos 25 (2012), 125–48, especially page 134. https://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2109.
9.Albert Einstein, “Religion and Science” (New York Times Magazine, November 9, 1930), reprinted in Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions (New York: Modern Library, 1994), 42.
10.Albert Einstein, “Science and Religion” (Address at Princeton Theological Seminary, May 19, 1939), in Einstein, Ideas and Opinions, 52–53.
11.Epictetus, Handbook 8.
12.A. A. Long and D. N. Sedley, The Hellenistic Philosophers, Volume 1, 62A (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 386. It is reported that the story of the dog and the cart was used by Zeno and Chrysippus.
13.Cleanthes, quoted in Seneca, Letters 107.11.
14.Seneca, Letters 96.1.
15.Seneca, Letters 96.2–3.
16.Seneca, Letters 107.2.
17.Seneca, Letters 107.6.
18.Seneca, Natural Questions 3, preface 12.
19.Marcus Aurelius, Meditations 4.23.
CHAPTER 8: THE BATTLE AGAINST FORTUNE: HOW TO SURVIVE POVERTY AND EXTREME WEALTH
1.Seneca, Letters 19.9.
2.Seneca, Letters 98.8.
3.https://www.newsweek.com/was-michael-jackson-debt-he-died-look-king-pops-finances-1349255.
4.Seneca, On Tranquility of Mind 11.10.
5.Seneca, Natural Questions book 3, preface 1.7.
6.Seneca, Consolation to Helvia 5.4.
7.Seneca, Letters 90.18.
8.Seneca, Letters 90.19.
9.Seneca, Letters 90.40.
10.Seneca, Letters 119.11.
11.Seneca, Letters 119.12–13.
12.Epicurus, quoted in Seneca, Letters 17.11.
13.Seneca, Letters 36.1.
14.Seneca, Letters 87.31.
15.Seneca tells this tale in Consolation to Helvia 10.8–11.
16.Seneca, Consolation to Polybius 9.5 and 6.4.
17.William B. Irvine, On Desire: Why We Want What We Want (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 31.
18.Seneca, Letters 104.9.
19.Seneca, On Tranquility of Mind 8.2.
20.The survey was conducted in February 2019. https://www.hrblock.com/tax-center/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Lifestages-survey-results.pdf.
21.Jeremy Kisner, “Why Rich People Worry about Money.” https://www.jeremykisner.com/rich-people-worry-money/.
22.Seneca, Letters 19.6–7.
23.Seneca, Letters 18.5.
24.Seneca, Letters 18.7.
25.For an overview of voluntary simplicity with a reading list, see http://simplicitycollective.com/start-here/what-is-voluntary-simplicity-2.
26.Seneca, Letters 60.3.
27.Seneca, Consolation to Helvia 11.4.
28.Seneca, Letters 74.4.
29.Anna Lydia Motto, one of the leading Seneca scholars of all time, weighed the evidence to see if Seneca was guilty of hypocrisy. Her verdict was “no.” See Anna Lydia Motto, “Seneca on Triaclass="underline" The Case of the Opulent Stoic,” The Classical Journal 61, no. 6 (1966): 254–58. Also see the discussion by Ward Farnsworth in his book, The Practicing Stoic: A Philosophical User’s Manual (Boston: David R. Godine, 2018), chapter 13, “Stoicism and its Critics.”
30.Seneca, Letters 18.13.
31.Seneca, On the Happy Life 22.5.
CHAPTER 9: VICIOUS CROWDS AND THE TIES THAT BIND
1.Seneca, Letters 7.2–3.
2.Seneca, Letters 7.3–4.
3.Seneca, Letters 7.5.
4.Seneca, Letters 7.7.
5.Seneca, On Tranquility of Mind 7.4.
6.Seneca, On Anger 3.8.1–2.
7.For a brief summary of several studies, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_mentality.
8.Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, Book 1, chapter 1. Translation from Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/445.
9.Le Bon, The Crowd, Book 1, chapter 1.
10.See Tony D. Sampson, Virality: Contagion Theory in the Age of Networks (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012).
11.See R. M. Joly-Mascheroni, A. Senju, and A. J. Shepherd, “Dogs Catch Human Yawns,” Biology Letters 4.5 (2008): 446–48. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610100/; and E. A. Madsen, T. Persson, S. Sayehli, S. Lenninger, and G. Sonesson, “Chimpanzees Show a Developmental Increase in Susceptibility to Contagious Yawning: A Test of the Effect of Ontogeny and Emotional Closeness on Yawn Contagion,” PloS One 8.10 (2003). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797813/.