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Chapter 11
FEELING BAD: EMOTIONS AND NARRATIVITY IN BREAKING BAD
E. Deidre Pribram
In an interview that took place in January 1984, five months before his death, Michel Foucault relates an anecdote to illustrate what he means by ‘relations of power’:
For example, the fact that I may be older than you, and that you may initially have been intimidated, may be turned around during the course of our conversation, and I may end up being intimidated before someone precisely because he is younger than I am. (292)
His is a simple, almost offhand anecdote but one that has lingered in my mind precisely because of the inadequate means we possess to explain what occurs during this modest encounter and exchange.
In the interview, Foucault (1987) seeks to describe what he means by coercive power or states of domination versus strategies or relations of power. His interviewers remain more concerned with notions of dominance while Foucault repeatedly returns to relations of power that, for him, are both necessary to human society and quite ordinary. He acknowledges that states of domination do exist, in which power relations “are perpetually asymmetrical and allow an extremely limited margin of freedom” or strategy (292). In such situations, although the power differential cannot be reversed, certain strategies of resistance remain possible. Still, even a severely limited field of resistance constitutes the deployment of power relations.
Foucault (1987) is taking exception to the belief that his work is associated with a lack of freedom or agency, that “because power is everywhere, there is no freedom” (292). Quite the contrary, he insists, “if there are relations of power in every social field, this is because there is freedom everywhere” (291-292). Foucault is arguing that relations of power are linked with freedom and resistance, not static dominance or social paralysis. Instead, “in human relations, whether they involve verbal communication…or amorous, institutional, or economic relationships, power is always present” (291-292). Further, “these power relations are mobile, they can be modified, they are not fixed once and for all” (292). Power relations can only exist to the degree in which subjects are free and capable of some form of resistance. Without some measure to act, there would be no power relations, only powerlessness: stasis and solidification in social relations, rather than mobility and mutability.