city is the Mercato. It is one of the largest
open-air markets in Africa. Goods manufactured
in the city include textiles, food,
beverages, plastics, and wood products.
Addis Ababa became the capital of
Ethiopia in the late 1800s. Before that
Worshippers gather at an Ethiopian Orthodox
church in Addis Ababa.
28 Addis Ababa BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
the capital was Entoto, a cold, windswept
town just to the north. In 1887
the empress Taitu persuaded her husband,
Emperor Menelik II, to move the
capital to its present site.
From 1935 to 1941 Italian forces occupied
Addis Ababa as well as the rest of
Ethiopia. The Italians paved roads and
constructed European-style buildings.
Development of the city was slow from
1941 until 1960. Beginning in the
1960s, however, Addis Ababa grew rapidly
in population.
#More to explore
Ethiopia
Adena Culture
The ancient Native Americans of the
Adena culture lived in a large area centered
in what is now southern Ohio.
The Adena people thrived from about
500 BC to AD 100. They are known
mostly for the earthen mounds they
built. The term Adena comes from the
name of a place where archaeologists
found Adena mounds in the early
1900s.
The Adena settled in hundreds of small
villages along the Ohio River. They lived
in cone-shaped houses and fed themselves
by hunting, fishing, and gathering
fruits and wild plants. They made tools
from wood, bone, and copper. They also
wove cloth and molded simple pots
from clay.
The Adena constructed hundreds of
earthen mounds in the area that now
makes up Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky,
West Virginia, and Pennsylvania. Many
of the mounds were burial sites. The
Adena built many mounds in simple
shapes such as circles and rectangles.
They shaped other mounds like animals.
The most famous is the Great Serpent
Mound near Peebles, Ohio. This mound
looks like a giant snake and is nearly
1,300 feet (400 meters) long.
No one knows for sure what happened
to the Adena people after about AD 100.
Some scientists think that they joined
the Hopewell people, who developed a
similar culture in the territory where the
Adena had lived.
#More to explore
Hopewell Culture Native Americans
Adobe
Adobe is a type of clay that is used to
make bricks. People in many dry parts
The largest burial mound of the Adena culture
can be seen in what is now northern
West Virginia. It was built more than 2,000
years ago.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Adobe 29
of the world use adobe bricks to build
buildings. This is partly because there
are few trees in these regions to supply
wood for building.
People make adobe bricks by wetting
clay and then adding straw or another
type of fiber. They mix the material and
pour it into molds. The molds have four
sides and are open at the top. People
then lay the bricks out in the sun to dry,
which can take several weeks. When
they are dry, the adobe bricks are ready
to use.
Adobe buildings usually start with a base
of stone or concrete.Workers stack the
adobe bricks on this base. They stick the
bricks together with a mudlike material
called mortar. Adobe buildings are very
strong and last for hundreds of years.
Adobe buildings also stay warm in winter
and cool in summer.
People have used adobe for thousands of
years. Ancient peoples east of the Mediterranean
Sea, in North Africa, and in
southern Spain made adobe bricks.
American Indians in the driest parts of
North and South America also built
with adobe. For example, the Pueblo
Indians built many adobe houses in
what is now the southwestern part of the
United States.
#More to explore
Clay Pueblo Indians
Adolescence
Adolescence is the time in a young persons
life between childhood and adulthood.
Adolescence starts when a person
is about 12 years old and ends at about
the age of 19. A person in this age group
is called an adolescent, or a teenager.
Adolescence is a time of great change.
Adolescents experience changes in their
bodies. They also experience changes in
their emotions, or feelings, as well as
their thoughts and beliefs. They often
see the world differently, and they act
differently than they did when they were
children.
The buildings of Taos Pueblo in New
Mexico are made of adobe. Some have
been lived in for more than 1,000 years.
Relationships with their friends are very
important to most adolescents.
30 Adolescence BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA
Changes in the Body
During adolescence, the reproductive
system develops. The reproductive
organs are the parts of the body that
allow men and women to make babies.
Girls and boys bodies change in different
ways. Boys grow facial hair, and their
voices deepen. They also develop stronger
muscles. Girls grow breasts and wider
hips, and they start having menstrual
periods. This means that they are able to
become pregnant.
Emotional Changes
Adolescence is an exciting time. It is also
a time that can be very confusing. Boys
and girls become much more interested
in each other. At the same time they
may worry about their appearance, and
they are sometimes easily embarrassed.
During adolescence, most boys and girls
care a lot about what other adolescents
think of them. They may also be very
concerned with how they fit into their
world. Often adolescents choose to
spend time with their friends rather than
with their families.
Growing Independence
As adolescents grow emotionally, they
begin to take on new responsibilities and
gain new freedoms. They act and think
more independently. They also start to
find a balance between family and
friends. These changes mean that adolescents
are on their way to becoming
adults.
..More to explore
Child Development Reproductive
System
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea separates Italy from the
Balkan Peninsula of eastern Europe. It
was probably named after the port town
of Adria, which prospered during
ancient Roman times.
The Adriatic is about 500 miles (800
kilometers) long and has an average
width of 100 miles (160 kilometers). Its
maximum depth is 4,100 feet (1,250
meters). The sea has a high salt content.
The climate is Mediterranean. This
means that it has clear, warm, and dry
summers and mild, humid winters.
The Adriatic extends from the Gulf of
Venice, in the north, southeastward to
the Strait of Otranto, which leads to the
Ionian Sea near Albania. Its western, or
Italian, coast is low and straight. The
eastern coast is rocky and mountainous.
The countries of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, and Montenegro
border the sea to the east.
The Adriatic is an important part of
tourism in the region. Many holiday
Bosnia and
Herzegovinas
seacoast on
the Adriatic is
only 12 miles
(20 kilometers)
long.
BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Adriatic Sea 31
resorts are located on its shores. The
fishing catch on the Adriatic includes
lobsters, sardines, and tuna.
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