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171: age fotoStock; 172: J.H. Pete Carmichael—The Image

Bank/Getty Images.

Volume 11

Page 4: SuperStock, Inc.; 5: The Granger Collection, New York;

6: Marilyn AngelWynn/Nativestock Pictures; 7: (left) Bernard Grilly—

Stone/Getty Images, (right) Bob Krist/Corbis; 9: © Corbis; 10: Peter

Adams—The Image Bank/Getty Images; 11: Yoshio Tomil/SuperStock;

13: (top) Nik Wheeler/Corbis, (bottom) © G.C. Kelley/Photo

Researchers, Inc.; 14: Terry Andrewartha/Nature Picture Library;

15: Gail Shumway—Taxi/Getty Images; 16: Encyclop.dia Britannica,

Inc.; 17: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 18: (top) Encyclop.dia

Britannica, Inc., (bottom) Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis;

19: Camerique/Getty Images; 20: Jose Fuste Raga—zefa/Corbis;

21: (left) The Granger Collection, New York, (right) Gail Shumway—

Taxi/Getty Images; 22: age fotostock/SuperStock; 23: Edward

Parker/Oxford Scientific Films; 24: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.;

25: Gene Ahrens/SuperStock; 26: (left) Zahid Hussein—

Reuters/Corbis, (right) Mark J. Terril/AP; 27: age

fotostock/SuperStock; 28: (left) age fotostock/SuperStock, (right) Joel

Sartore—National Geographic/Getty Images; 29: Mike Read/Nature

Picture Library; 30: Georgette Douwma/Nature Picture Library;

31: Judie Anderson/EB Inc.; 32: (top and bottom, inset) Courtesy

Ronald Reagan Library; 33: The Granger Collection, New York;

34: Bettmann/Corbis; 35: Ted Russell—Photographer’s Choice/Getty

Images; 36: Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images; 37: © Digital Vision/Getty

Images; 38: Shostal Associates; 39: (left) The Granger Collection, New

York, (right) Jildiz Bekibayeva/AP; 41: (left) Encyclopaedia Britannica,

Inc., (right) Pawel Kopczynski—Reuters/Corbis; 42: Pete

Cairns/Nature Picture Library; 44: © National Gallery Collection; by

kind permission of the trustees of the National Gallery, London/Corbis;

45: (left and right) The Granger Collection, New York; 46: Scala/Art

Resource, New York; 47: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.;

48: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 49: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.;

50: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 51: (left)Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis,

(right) Niall Benvie/Nature Picture Library; 52: Premaphotos/Nature

Picture Library; 53: (left) Lynn M. Stone/Nature Picture Library, (right)

Seppo Sirkka—epa/Corbis; 54: (left and right) Encyclop.dia

Britannica, Inc.; 55: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 56: (left)

Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc., (right) © Spectrum Colour

Library/Heritage-Images; 57: © Freelance Photography Guild/Corbis;

59: StaffanWidstrand/Nature Picture Library; 61: (left) © Ira Block—

National Geographic/Getty Images, (right) Bob Krist/Corbis; 62: (left)

age fotostock/SuperStock, (right) Derek Fell; 63: Baldev/Shostal

Associates; 64: SuperStock; 65: (left) NASA, (right) Peter Adams—The

Image Bank/Getty Images; 67: (left) © Spectrum Colour

Library/Heritage-Images, (right) © Kevin Horan/Stone; 68: © City

College of San Francisco. All rights reserved. Unauthorized public

performance, broadcasting, transmission, or copying, mechanical or

electronic, is a violation of applicable laws.; 69: SuperStock; 70: age

fotostock/SuperStock; 71: (left) Lester Lefkowitz/Corbis, (right) David

Kjaer/Nature Picture Library; 72: (left) Tom Mangelsen/Nature Picture

Library, (right)William Osborn/Nature Picture Library; 73: UPI;

74: Matthew Cavanaugh/Corbis; 75: (top) Steve Vidler/SuperStock,

BRITANNICA STUDENT ENCYCLOPEDIA Credits 301

 

(bottom) Kirkendall/Spring; 76: (top) age fotostock/SuperStock,

(bottom) Mauritius/SuperStock; 77: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.;

78: Frank Micelotta—ImageDirect/Getty Images; 79: Aflo/Nature

Picture Library; 80: © Francois Gohier—The National Audubon

Society Collection/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 81: (left) Lori Adamski

Peek—Stone/Getty Images, (right) Liba Taylor/Corbis; 82: David

McNew—Reportage/Getty Images; 83: Denis Farrell/AP; 84: EPA—

Paul Buciuta/European Commission; 85: (left) Owen Franken/Corbis,

(right) © Sandro Vannini/Corbis; 86: Kristine A. Strom; 87: age

fotostock/SuperStock; 89: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York;

90: Artephot/Pubbli Aer Foto; 91: Hulton Archive/Getty Images;

92: Bettmann/Corbis; 93: (inset) UPI; 94: Library of Congress,

Washington, D.C., Pach Brothers (neg. no. LC-USZ62-13026);

95: (inset) Library of Congress,Washington, D.C. ; 96: (left and right)

Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 97: age fotostock/SuperStock; 98: (top)

Dave G. Houser/Corbis, (bottom) © Richard T. Nowitz/Corbis;

99: (left) The Granger Collection, New York, (right) Tim Sloan—

AFP/Getty Images; 100: Dr. P. Marazzi/Photo Researchers, Inc.;

101: (left) © Mark Kauffman—Time Life Pictures/Getty Images,

(right) David Samuel Robbins/Corbis; 102: Encyclop.dia Britannica,

Inc.; 103: © Lutz Bongarts/Getty Images; 105: (left) © Ilya

Naymushin—Reuters/Corbis, (right) Holton Collection/SuperStock;

107: Bridgeman Art Library; 108: Hulton Archive/Getty Images;

109: © Bettmann/Corbis; 110: © Heinrich van den Berg—Gallo

Images/Getty Images; 111: (left) Frank Krahmer—Photographer’s

Choice/Getty Images, (right) Hazir Reka—Reuters/Corbis.

Volume 12

Page 4: The Granger Collection, New York; 5: age

fotostock/SuperStock; 6: (left) Sahm Doherty/Time Life Pictures/Getty

Images, (right) © Reuters/Corbis; 7: age fotostock/SuperStock;

8: Robert Everts—Stone/Getty Images; 9: © Richard Cummins/Corbis;

10: James L. Amos/Corbis; 11: Jeffrey Greenberg/Photo Researchers,

Inc.; 13: Bob Krist/Corbis; 14: Robert Harding Picture Library;

15: Kristie Bull—Graylock.com/AP; 16: Jim Mone/AP; 17: © Digital

Vision/Getty Images; 19: Jacques Six; 20: (left) Bob Pool—

Photographer’s Choice/Getty Images, (right) The Granger Collection,

New York; 21: Hulton Archive/Getty Images; 22: Galen Rowell/Corbis;

23: Gene Ahrens/SuperStock; 24: Nicholas DeVore III/Bruce Coleman

Inc.; 25: Felice Beato—Historical Picture Archive/Corbis; 26: George

Holton/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 27: (left) Bob Thomas—Stone/Getty

Images, (right) © Corbis; 28: (left) Jose Fuste Raga/Corbis, (right)

Wolfgang Kaehler/Corbis; 29: © Spectrum Colour Library/Heritage-

Images; 30: C. Novara/DeA Picture Library; 31: (left)

Bettmann/Corbis, (right) Jan Butchofsky-Houser/Corbis; 33: Jeremy

Woodhouse—Digital Vision/Getty Images; 34: Danny Lehman/Corbis;

36: George Osodi/AP; 37: Axel Schmidt—DPA/Corbis; 38: (left)

Hulton Archive/Getty Images, (right) Reuters/Corbis; 40: (left) © Bill

Stormont/Corbis, (right) Richard Heinzen/SuperStock; 41: NASA;

42: NASA/JPL; 44: (left) © Jodi Cobb—National Geographic/Getty

Images, (right) Kami—ArabianEye/Redux; 45: Peter Macdiarmid—

Reuters/Corbis; 46: Library of Congress,Washington, D.C.;

47: SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 48: © Reuters/Corbis; 49: Sinclair

Stammers/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 50: (left) Ellis Neel—Alamogordo

Daily News/AP, (right) Paramount/The Kobal Collection; 51: William

Dow/Corbis; 52: Bethune Carmichael—Lonely Planet Images/Getty

Images; 53: Bruce Forster—Stone/Getty Images; 54: Suzanne

Plunkett/AP; 55: (left) David C. Tomlinson—Photographer’s

Choice/Getty Images, (right) Stewart Cohen—Stone/Getty Images;

57: (top) Danny Lehman/Corbis, (bottom) Sue Daly/Nature Picture

Library; 58: Stephen Frink/Corbis; 59: (left) Ingo Arndt/Nature Picture

Library, (right) Stephen Frink/Corbis; 60: Jurgen Freund/Nature

Picture Library; 61: Encyclop.dia Britannica, Inc.; 64: (left) © Corbis,

(right) © James Keyser—Time Life Pictures/Getty Images;

65: McKenney & Hall/Library of Congress (neg. no. LC-USZ62-

67661); 66: K. Scholz/Shostal Associates; 67: Sandro Vannini/Corbis;