“Moot doesn’t mean invalid. Everett’s interpretation could still be considered a valid one.”
“Oh, sure,” Ray said, smiling, “assuming you could prove it over all others. People have been trying to assert one view of quantum mechanics over all others since the Copenhagen interpretation. But that’s the one people seem to accept the most.”
“Yeah. Well. The thing is, I’ve always been uncomfortable with that one. I mean, it’s one thing to say that, for a subatomic particle we can’t see with the naked eye anyway, its spin is undetermined until an observer looks at it and it chooses to be either spin up or spin down.”
Ray nodded. “Wave-function collapse.”
“Yes. But it’s quite another thing on a macroscopic scale. Look at Schrödinger’s cat Does it really make sense to say that cat isn’t alive or dead until you open the box? I think Everett’s interpretation works a lot better. Schrodinger’s cat ends up alive in one universe and dead in another.”
“So what does Hugh Everett’s thesis have to do with the SSC?”
Kristin laughed. “Sounds like a riddle. Well, it’s like this. I’ve always been into studying the different interpretations of quantum mechanics, ever since that first course I took with Doug Strauss. And I must admit that I’ve always been fond of Everett’s idea—can’t you imagine what it would be like if every possible universe that ever could have been was really out there, somewhere?” She waved her hands in the air as if to demonstrate.
Ray shook his head. “I’ve tried to stay firmly planted in this Universe.”
“Your loss. Anyway, it always bothered me that Everett’s interpretation allowed for parallel universes, but ones that were inaccessible from ours. I mean, what’s the point of saying an alternate universe exists if you can’t get to it? It might as well not exist.”
“My point exactly.”
“Then something occurred to me. I read Everett’s original Princeton thesis, and noticed that he failed to take into account high energy interactions. I mean, extremely high energy interactions, on the order of a TeV.” She paused.
“Kristin, I’m not sure I see where this is leading. That is, I think I do, but—what exactly are you getting at?”
“I’m getting at the fact that at high energies, Everett’s theory predicts that a quantum mechanical ‘gate’ opens up, similar to an Einstein-Rosen bridge. For a split second, the barrier between different universes might be traversed. But we’ve never been able to create interactions of that magnitude until—”
“Until we built the SSC,” Ray finished for her.
“Yes.”
“Kristin, that’s utterly impossible.”
She felt her face flush. “So was splitting the atom,” she retorted.
Ray laughed. “So it was.”
“And look where it led us to today. Listen, Ray. You said that we have to do a run of the accelerator tomorrow anyway, to satisfy Reichen. Let me calibrate the detectors to verify my theory. In the meantime, you can go over my math and see if I missed anything.”
4. Spin Down
“I’ve gone over your math, and can’t find anything wrong with it,” Roy Schwitters said. “As much as it galls me to admit it, you’re right.”
Harold Volin grinned sheepishly, the grin of a small boy caught with his hands in the cookie jar. Six weeks ago, Roy had called him in to help figure out the problem of the SSC explosions. Now, they sat in a first floor office of the old SSC Administration building, studying the equations Volin had written out on a chalkboard. The building, along with many others, had been taken over by the county when the Department of Energy had pulled out, as there was no sense in letting good office buildings and state-of-the-art computer equipment go to waste. Sheriff Kingsley had somehow managed to arrange this office for Roy, nowhere near as luxurious as the office he had occupied when he had been director, but “good enough for government work,” as the sheriff had told him.
Roy considered Harold for a moment before continuing. Harold was a theoretician, a good physicist, but had a quirky personality that made him look for solutions to problems from the strangest angles. His red hair, thick beard, and incongruously high voice fit his personality perfectly. But it was exactly because of Harold’s odd way of looking at the world that Ray had called him in. And now, here was Harold’s solution, too off-the-wall to be considered seriously, but the only one that fit the data. So far.
Roy spoke slowly, unsure of his words. “Your calculations do seem to indicate that someone’s running the collider.”
Harold nodded eagerly, still smiling. He tended to speak quickly, with one word running into another. “The first clue you gave me was the symmetric nature of the explosions. It was exactly what you’d get if an antimatter beam went off course—zing!—and hit the walls of the ring. And given that the magnets only work at a few degrees Kelvin, any beam sent through at the moment would naturally run off course. After all, the magnets aren’t operational at the moment.”
Roy gave his friend an incredulous look. “You’re missing the point, Harold. None of it is operational. Not the magnets, not the detectors—and most of all, not the injectors! The SSC was never turned on. The project was killed long before we even got to the stage where we could generate one proton-antiproton beam, let alone five! I admit that your calculations indicate that the SSC has been turned on, but how? If there are in fact antiprotons in the ring, where are they coming from?”
Harold eyes twinkled. “That is the big question, isn’t it? Not, ‘Who’s running the collider?’ but ‘Where are the beams coming from?’ ”
“I don’t understand.”
Harold’s voice took on a sober tone. “Look, Roy, I know as well as you do that the SSC isn’t operational. There is no way that those beams are being generated by our SSC. But maybe—just maybe—they’re being generated by some other SSC.”
“Some other SSC?”
“In another universe.”
It took all night, but Harold finally convinced Roy of the logic of his theory. It had been difficult, at first, as Roy was a strong supporter of the standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics.
But the equations were incontrovertible.
“At least it gets rid of all those bizarre paradoxes,” Roy said.
Harold blinked. “Understated, as usual.”
“What do you mean?”
“You don’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of what I’ve proven here, Roy. Ever since the theory of quantum mechanics was developed, no one has been able to settle on one interpretation.”
“That’s because all were equally valid. Everything we observed fit any interpretation, from wave-function collapse to Bohm’s hidden variables.”
“But not anymore! Don’t you see? This discovery is so important, it’ll shake the foundations of philosophy as well as physics.”
Roy harrumphed and shook his head. “And it’s all due to a killed experiment. Don’t get me wrong, Harold, I am happy for you—”
“For us, you mean. It would be indecent not to list you as co-author.”
“All right, for us, then. But it still doesn’t change one annoying, undeniable fact. I was hoping that what we found would indicate a working collider.”
“Well, it does, in a sense,” Harold said. “It indicates a working SSC in some other universe. If it hadn’t been killed, it’s now about the time when we would have started running the machine. Think of it.”