19. Max Weinreich, History of the Yiddish Language, p. 270.
20. Uriel Weinreich, Languages in Contact, p. 76.
21. Bonnie Lyons, Henry Roth: The Man and His Work (New York, 1976), p. 172.
22. Henry Roth, Shifting Landscapes (Philadelphia, 1987), p. 142.
I am grateful to David Roskies and Zephyra Porat for their excellent suggestions during revisions of this essay.