2 Dearing, unpublished MS memoirs, 88.
3 Almedingen, I Remember St Petersburg, 120–2; see also an atmospheric evocation of Petrograd in 1916 in Walpole, The Secret City, 98–9, 134, and in Leighton Rogers, Wine of Fury.
4 Almedingen, Tomorrow Will Come, 76.
5 Steveni, Things Seen in Russia, London: Seeley, Service & Co., 1913, 80. Steveni’s Petrograd Past and Present, published in 1915, has an excellent Chapter XXXI on the history of the British colony; see also Cross, ‘A Corner of a Foreign Field’ and ‘Forgotten British Places in Petrograd’.
6 Lombard, untitled TS memoirs, section headed ‘Things I Can’t Forget’, 64.
7 Ibid., untitled TS memoirs, section VII, n.p.
8 Stopford, 18.
9 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 150.
10 Nathaniel Newnham-Davis, The Gourmet’s Guide to Europe, Edinburgh: Ballantyne, Hanson & Co., 1908, ‘St Petersburg Clubs’, 303.
11 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 95.
12 Dissolution, 9.
13 Ibid., 5–7.
14 Bruce, Silken Dalliance, 174, 159; Pares, My Russian Memoirs, 424. For a profile of Sir George by a contemporary in Petrograd, see Pares, ‘Sir George Buchanan in Russia’, Slavonic Review, 3 (9), March 1925, 576–86.
15 Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 121.
16 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 95.
17 Blunt, Lady Muriel Paget, 62; Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 118.
18 Meriel Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 130.
19 Barnes, 182, 206.
20 Francis to Senator William J. Stone, 13/26 February 1917, quoted in Ginzburg, ‘Confronting the Cold War Legacy’, 86.
21 See Barnes, 406–7; ‘D. R. Francis Valet Dies in California’, St Louis Post Dispatch, 1941; Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 140–1; Barnes, 69.
22 Barnes, 186; Samuel Harper, The Russia I Believe In, 91–2; Harper, 188.
23 Francis, 3.
24 Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 228.
25 Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 41.
26 Saul, Life and Times of Charles Richard Crane, 134; Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 281–2.
27 Rogers, 3:9, 153.
28 Houghteling, 5.
29 Barnes, 194.
30 Ibid., 195.
31 Cockfield, Dollars and Diplomacy, 23.
32 For a discussion of allegations that Matilda de Cram was a spy, see e.g. Allison, American Diplomats in Russia, 66–7. General William V. Judson’s report to the US Secretary of War, in Salzman, Russia in War and Revolution, 267–70, is a contemporary evaluation from the point of view of someone working at the US embassy. Barnes (passim) also discusses their relationship.
33 Barnes, 199, 200–1.
34 ‘Missouri Negro in Russia is “Jes a Honin” for Home’, Wabash Daily Plain Dealer, 29 September 1916.
35 Ibid., 207.
36 Ibid.
37 Cockfield, Dollars and Diplomacy, 56.
38 Wright, 4.
39 Dearing, unpublished memoirs, 219.
40 Cockfield, Dollars and Diplomacy 32.
41 Ibid., 31.
42 Quoted in Noulens, Mon Ambassade en Russie Soviétique, 243.
43 Kennan, Russia Leaves the War, 38.
44 Lindley, untitled memoirs 5.
45 Dearing, unpublished memoirs, 144.
46 Heald, 25; Barnes, 207; Cockfield, Dollars and Diplomacy, 70; Wright, 10.
47 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 94; Steveni, Petrograd Past and Present, Chapter XIII, ‘The Modern City and the People’.
48 According to Louise Patin, Journal d’une institutrice française, 19, French residents were given special permits to obtain wine.
49 Suzanne Massie, Land of the Firebird: The Beauty of Old Russia, Blue Hill, Maine: Heart Tree Press, 1980, 407.
50 http://thegaycourier.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/legendary-hotel-celebrates-100-years.html
51 Vecchi, Tavern is My Drum, 96.
52 Rogers, 3:7, 21–2.
53 Ibid., 23.
54 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 180.
55 Ibid., 181.
56 See the memoirs of Ella Cordasco (née Woodhouse), which are only available online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120213165523/http://www.zimdocs.btinternet.co.uk/fh/ella2.html
57 Farson, Way of a Transgressor, 180.
58 Dearing, unpublished memoirs, 87.
59 Oudendyk, Ways and By-Ways in Diplomacy, 208.
60 Garstin, ‘Denis Garstin and the Russian Revolution’, Walpole 589.
61 Grand Duke Nikolay Nikolaevich, quoted in Pipes, Russian Revolution, 256; Memorandum to Foreign Office 18 [5], August 1916, Mission, 19.
62 Petrograd, 78.
63 Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 311; Petrograd, 70.
64 Paléologue, 733.
65 Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 158.
66 Arthur Bullard, Russian Pendulum, London: Macmillan, 1919, 21; see also Houghteling, 4–5.
67 Rogers 3:7, 17, 7–8.
68 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 138.
69 Petrograd, 50.
70 Gordon, Russian Year, 35.
71 Ibid., 40.
72 Figures in many sources vary, but see: http://rkrp-rpk.ru/content/view/10145/1/
73 Cockfield, Dollars and Diplomacy, 69.
74 Wright, 15.
75 Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 119.
76 Dissolution, 151; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 141.
77 Stopford, 94.
78 Barnes, 213.
79 Paléologue, 755.
80 Christie, ‘Experiences in Russia’, 2; MacNaughton, My Experiences in Two Continents, 194.
81 http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/police-conditions-in-petrograd-1916/
1 ‘Women are Beginning to Rebel at Standing in Bread Lines’
1 Fleurot, 96.
2 Ibid., 99, 100; Hawkins, ‘Through War to Revolution with Dosch-Fleurot’, 20. Dosch-Fleurot finally left in March 1918.
3 Fleurot, 99, 100.
4 Ibid., 101.
5 Hawkins, ‘Through War to Revolution with Dosch-Fleurot’, 22; Fleurot, 103–4.
6 Thompson, 30. For Thompson’s wartime career prior to Petrograd, see Mould, ‘Donald Thompson: Photographer at War’, and Mould, ‘Russian Revolution’, 3.
7 Heald, 23.
8 Thompson, 17.
9 Harper, 19.
10 Houghteling, 14, 4.
11 Cahill, Between the Lines, 217, 221.
12 Ibid., 218.
13 Ibid., 219.
14 Mason, ‘Russia’s Refugees’, 142.
15 Ibid.
16 Petrograd, 48.
17 For details of her life and career, see Blunt, Lady Muriel, and Sybil Oldfield, Women Humanitarians, London: Continuum, 2001, 160–3; Powell, Women in the War Zone, 296–7.
18 Blunt, Lady Muriel, 59.
19 Jefferson, So This Was Life, 85.
20 Several of the other diplomatic communities funded hospitals in Petrograd during the war: the US colony’s hospital was at 15 Spasskaya; the Belgians had one named for their King Albert; the Dutch had a hospital at 68 English Embankment; the Danes ran two hospitals, one at 11 Sergievskaya and another for lower ranks named after the Danish-born dowager Maria Feodorovna, at 13 Pochtamskaya. There were also French, Swiss and Japanese hospitals for the wounded. See Yuri Vinogradov, ‘Lazarety Petrograda’, http://www.proza.ru/2010/01/30/984
21 Lady Georgina Buchanan, letter 16 December 1916, Glenesk-Bathurst papers.
22 Novoe vremya, 6 February 1917.
23 Lady Georgina Buchanan, letters of 7 October 1916 and 20 January 1917, Glenesk-Bathurst papers.
24 Jefferson, So That Was Life, 84–6; Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 67–8.
25 Letter to mother, 19 [6] September, quoted in Wood, ‘Revolution Outside Her Window’, 74; Powell, Women in the War Zone, 301.
26 Wood, ‘Revolution Outside Her Window’, 75; letter 23 [10] September, Powell, Women in the War Zone, 301.
27 Seymour, MS diary for 4 October [22 September], IWM ; Powell, Women in the War Zone, 301; Moorhead, Dunant’s Dream, 64.
28 Blunt, Lady Muriel, 66.
29 Farson, ‘Aux Pieds de l’Impératrice’, 17.
30 Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 57; Powell, Women in the War Zone, 302.
31 Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 25; Powell, Woman in the War Zone, 303.