32 Violetta Thurstan’s view of the three women, quoted in Moorhead Dunant’s Dream, 235.
33 Jefferson, So That Was Life, 92. Lady Sybil Grey’s diary, quoted in Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 67. It is regretted that Lady Sybil’s diary is in private hands and is not yet available for research.
34 Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 118.
35 Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.
36 Wright, 21.
37 Armour, ‘Recollections’, 7. For his account of the reception, see 7–9.
38 Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 42.
39 Wright, 21, 22.
40 Armour, ‘Recollections’, 8.
41 Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 42.
42 Francis, 49.
43 Wright, 22; Paléologue, 764.
44 Weeks, American Naval Diplomat, 106.
45 Francis, 50–1.
46 Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 43.
47 Paléologue, 764; Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 42; Wright, 22.
48 Wright, 26.
49 Ibid.
50 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 141; Petrograd, 89–90; Stopford, 100.
51 Paléologue, 776.
52 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 178; see also Wright, 33.
53 Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 163; Paléologue, 783.
54 Lockhart, Memoirs of a British Agent, 162–3; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 142.
55 Paléologue, 793.
56 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 142; Mission, 57; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 138.
57 Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 321; Bury, ‘Report Regarding the Russian Revolution’, II.
58 Wharton, ‘Russian Ides of March’, 22.
59 Ibid. Chadbourn published his valuable account of the February Revolution under the pseudonym Paul Wharton.
60 Emily Warner Somerville, ‘A Kappa in Russia’, 123.
61 Wright, 33, 34.
62 Thompson, 334.
63 Almedingen, I Remember St Petersburg, 186–7.
64 Wright, 34.
65 Ibid.; Thompson, 37; Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 322.
66 Mission, 59. The Whishaws were an old established family in the British colony, whose company Hills & Whishaw was involved in the exploitation of oilfields at Baku. Stella Arbenina (aka Baroness Meyendorff ), who features in this book, was a member of the Whishaw family.
2 ‘No Place for an Innocent Boy from Kansas’
1 Thompson, 33.
2 Ibid., 37; Harper, 24.
3 Paléologue, 796.
4 Ibid., 797.
5 British embassy counsellor Francis Lindley noted in his memoirs that a report on the mission prepared for the British Foreign Office, and far more optimistic in tone than those sent from the embassy, had only just been printed and reached the FO when the revolution broke. It had to be hastily retrieved and suppressed. Lindley, untitled memoirs, 28.
6 Paléologue, 808.
7 Weather statistics for 1917 in Russia show that the average temperature was -13.44 Centigrade and that the significant rise in temperature so often given (e.g. Figes, People’s Tragedy, 308, and Pipes, Russian Revolution, 274) as occurring on Friday 24th did not in fact happen until Monday 27th, when the temperature finally rose above zero, to 0.03 degrees C. It was not until 13 March that it finally climbed well above zero and reached 8 degrees C. For a detailed discussion, see: Ezhenedelnik statisticheskogo otdeleniya petrogradskoy gorodskoy upravy, 1917, no. 5, p. 13.
8 Wilton, Russia’s Agony, 104; Fleurot, 118; Wright, 42.
9 Thompson, 39.
10 Fleurot, 118; Gordon, Russian Year, 97.
11 Thompson, 41.
12 Ibid., 43.
13 Hasegawa, February Revolution, 217; Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, ‘Women’s Suffrage and Revolution in the Russian Empire 1905–1917’, Aspasia, 1, 2007, 18; Thompson, 43.
14 Harper, 26.
15 Ibid., 27.
16 Thompson, 43; Harper, 27.
17 Thompson, 44.
18 Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 337.
19 Wilton, Russia’s Agony, 105.
20 Thompson, 44; May Pearse, diary, 24 February 1917.
21 Thompson, 46–7.
22 Rivet, Last of the Romanofs, 171; Hart-Davis, Hugh Walpole, 159; Pocock MS diary, n.p.
23 Wright, 43. Figes, People’s Tragedy, 308.
24 Ransome, despatch 48, 23/24 February 1917.
25 Thompson, 47.
26 Hasegawa, February Revolution, 224–5; Bury, ‘Report Regarding the Russian Revolution’, IV; Fleurot, ‘In Petrograd during the Seven Days’, 258. Fleurot, 118.
27 See Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 336–7. The poor quality of the northern capital’s water precluded top-quality baking in the vicinity of the Winter Palace and necessitated daily rail deliveries from Filippov’s bakeries in Moscow. See: http://voiceofrussia.com/radio_broadcast/2248959/18406508/
28 Anon., ‘The Nine Days’, 213, 214. It has, sadly, proved impossible to ascertain who wrote this article, but the author talks of working in the Singer Building, so it was probably a member of staff at the US consulate, or possibly an employee of Westinghouse, which was also based there.
29 Thompson, 48.
30 Gordon, Russian Year, 97.
31 Ransome, Despatches 49 and 48; Golder, War, Revolution and Peace in Russia, 34.
32 The Tsaritsa punctiliously recorded the temperature in her diary each day. Throughout the whole of February she records it as ranging from -19 degrees Centigrade on 5 February to -4.5 on the 24th. See e.g. V. A. Kozlov and V. M. Khrustalev, eds, The Last Diary of Tsaritsa Alexandra, London: Yale University Press, 1997.
33 Anon., ‘The Nine Days’, 213.
34 Ibid.
35 Golder, War, Revolution and Peace in Russia, 334.
36 Fleurot, ‘Seven Days’, 258.
37 Robien, 8.
38 Hasegawa, February Revolution, 233.
39 Ibid., 235.
40 Robien, 8; Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 55.
41 Hasegawa says 36,800, see February Revolution, 238.
42 Markovitch, La Révolution russe, 17.
43 Bury, ‘Report Regarding the Russian Revolution’, V.
44 Heald, 50; ‘From Our Own Correspondent [Robert Wilton], “The Outbreak of the Revolution”’, The Times, 21 [8] March 1917.
45 Hall, One Man’s War, 267, 263.
46 Hegan, ‘Russian Revolution from a Window’, 556.
47 Harmer, Forgotten Hospital, 119; Poutiatine, War and Revolution, 45–6.
48 Dorothy Cotton, letter, 4 March 1917, Library Archives of Canada; Blunt, Lady Muriel, 104.
49 Thompson, 50.
50 Patouillet, 1:55.
51 Grey, ‘Sidelights on the Russian Revolution’, 363.
52 Harper, 29; Thompson, 49.
53 Harper, 28–9.
54 Stinton Jones, 62.
55 Fleurot, 123.
56 [Wilton], ‘Russian Food problem’, The Times, 9 March 1917; [Wilton], ‘The Outbreak of the Revolution, The Times, 21 March 1917.
57 Heald, 50.
58 Rogers, 3:7, 43–4.
59 Thompson, 51.
60 Chambrun, Lettres à Marie, 55.
3 ‘Like a Bank Holiday with Thunder in the Air’
1 Patouillet, 1:56.
2 Rogers, 3:7, 44.
3 Rogers, 3:7, 45–6; see also the account by Swinnerton, ‘Letter from Petrograd’, 2, which had been wrongly dated as 12 March OS, instead of 14 March OS.
4 Hasegawa, February Revolution, 248; Wright, 43.
5 Hasegawa, February Revolution, 249.
6 Ibid., 251; Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 342.
7 Markovitch, La Révolution russe, 19; Salisbury, Black Night, White Snow, 342.
8 Anet, 12.
9 Rogers, ‘Account of the March Revolution’, 7.
10 Thompson, 53.
11 Gordon, Russian Year, 103.
12 Thompson, 54, 57; Harper, 29–30.
13 Harper, 31.
14 Thompson, 58, Harper, 31.
15 Patouillet, 1:60; Anon., ‘Nine Days’, 214; Thompson, 58.
16 Harper, 32, 33.
17 Rogers, 3:7, 46.
18 Reinke, ‘My Experiences in the Russian Revolution’, 9.
19 Anet, 13.
20 Thompson, 59; Rogers, 3:7, 46.
21 Rogers, ‘Account of the Russian Revolution’, 8–9; Rogers, 3:7, 46; see also Stopford, 102.
22 Hegan, ‘Russian Revolution from a Window’, 556.
23 Fleurot, 122; Thompson, 60–1.