44 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 143.
45 Barnes, 249, letter of 9/22 July.
46 Stopford, 176.
47 Dissolution, 225; Lady Georgina Buchanan, ‘Letters from the Petrograd Embassy’, 21.
48 Gerhardie, Memoirs of a Polyglot, 125.
49 Mission, 154; Dissolution, 226; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 174–5; Stopford, 177; Lady Georgina Buchanan, ‘Letters from the Petrograd Embassy’, 21.
50 Rogers, 3:8, 102–3.
51 Thompson, 308, 309.
52 Ibid., 312; Harper, ‘Thompson Risks Life’.
53 Ransome, Despatch 184, 5 [18] July 1917.
54 Williams, Shadow of Tyranny, 65.
55 Knox, With the Russian Army, 662–3; Mission, 156.
56 Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 28.
57 Thompson, 315; Francis, Russia from the American Embassy, 141.
58 Overall about twenty Cossacks were killed and seventy wounded in the July Days; around a hundred horses were killed. See B.V. Nikitin, ‘Rokovye gody’ (Novye pokazaniya uchastnika), http://www.dk1868.ru/history/nikitin4.htm
59 Stebbing, ‘From Czar to Bolshevik’, 44; Poole, The Bridge, 280.
60 Beatty, 129; Crosley, 110–11; Poole, The Bridge, 280–1.
61 Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 32.
62 Beatty, 130.
63 Patin, Journal d’une institutrice française, 50.
64 Robien, 90.
65 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 146.
66 Beatty, 131.
67 Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 32–3, Poole, Dark People, 12.
68 Kenney, ‘Price of Liberty’, 74, 75.
69 Ibid., 76.
70 Kenney papers, JK/3/Mitchell/5, UEA, 20; Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 34.
71 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 315.
72 Crosley, 99–100.
73 Ibid., 105. For the two militias operating in Petrograd, see Hasegawa, ‘Crime, Police, and Mob Justice’, 58–61.
74 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 223; Dorr, Inside the Russian Revolution, 29.
75 Ransome, letter to his mother, 23 [10] July 1917.
76 Thompson, 324.
77 Ibid., 313.
12 ‘This Pest-Hole of a Capital’
1 Whipple, Petrograd diary, 133.
2 Wightman, Diary of an American Physician, 64–5, 63.
3 Robins, letter 13 [26] July, Falers Library.
4 Beatty, 149. For Travis see ‘Tragedy and Comedy in Making Pictures of the Russian Chaos,’ Current Opinion, February 1918, 106.
5 Wightman, Diary of an American Physician, 35.
6 Whipple, ‘Chance for Young Americans’, Literary Digest, 26 January 1918, 47; Whipple, Petrograd diary, 85.
7 Whipple, Petrograd diary, 79, 80–1.
8 Ibid., 97; Wright, 111.
9 Beatty, 146–7.
10 Ibid., 147.
11 Whipple, Petrograd diary, 90.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., 95.
14 Wightman, Diary of an American Physician, 38, 39, 41, 44.
15 Letter 15 August, in Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 182.
16 Letter 1/14 August, Falers Library; 5/18 August, Falers Library.
17 Letter 9/22 August and 6/19 August, Falers Library.
18 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways of Diplomacy, 234.
19 Robien, 100.
20 See Pipes, People’s Tragedy, 448; Long, Russian Revolution Aspects, Chapter XIII.
21 Beatty, 148.
22 Fleurot, 174.
23 Knox, 679.
24 Mission, 171–2.
25 John Shelton Curtiss, The Russian Revolutions of 1917, Malabar, FL: R. E. Krieger Publishing Co., 1957, 50.
26 Rogers, 3:8, 139.
27 Beatty, 153, 154, 155.
28 Rogers, 3:8, 136.
29 Beatty, 159; Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 143.
30 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 179.
31 Francis, 162; Wright, 123.
32 Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 193.
33 Beatty, 156.
34 Beatty, 157; Harper, 278–9, 280–1.
35 Poole, An American Diplomat in Bolshevik Russia, 15–16; Gordon, Russian Year, 213.
36 Lindley, untitled memoirs, 14–15.
37 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 236.
38 Crosley, 192, 193.
39 Harper, 287.
40 Foglesong, ‘Missouri Democrat’, 37; Francis, 160–1.
41 Wright, 129.
42 Crosley, 174; see also Wright, 108.
43 Wright, 122.
44 Crosley, 173-4; Wright, 121, 122.
45 Woodhouse, FO 236/59/2258, 2 October.
46 Bosanquet letters, 28 December 1916, 193; Jennifer Stead, ‘A Bradford Mill in St Petersburg’, Old West Riding, 2:2, Winter 1982, 20.
47 Buchanan, Dissolution of an Empire, 242; Stebbing, From Czar to Bolshevik, 104.
48 Robien, 104.
49 Ibid., 123.
50 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 352–3, 354; Crosley, 135–6.
51 Pax, Journal d’une comédienne française, 77.
52 Lubbock Morning Avalanche, 13 March 1919.
53 Anet, 164; Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.
54 Crosley, 135–6; see also 197.
55 Robien, 106; Crosley, 153.
56 Robien, 106.
57 Purvis, Emmeline Pankhurst, 297.
58 Kenney, ‘Price of Liberty’, 122.
59 Harper, 162, 166.
60 Kenney, ‘Price of Liberty’, 127.
61 Harper, 167; Kenney, ‘Price of Liberty’, 133.
62 Harper, 167, 293. For Harper, Pankhurst and Kenney’s rail journey out of Russia, see Harper, Chapter XIX.
63 Poole, The Bridge, 271.
64 Morgan, Somerset Maugham, 227.
65 Maugham, Writer’s Notebook, 137–8.
66 Maugham, ‘Looking Back’, Part III, Show: The Magazines of the Arts, 2, 1962, 95.
67 Hastings, Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham, 226.
68 Hugh Walpole, ‘Literary Close Ups’, Vanity Fair, 13, January 1920, 47.
69 Hastings, Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham, 227.
70 For Reed’s career prior to Petrograd, see Bassow, Moscow Correspondents, 22–5; Service, Spies and Commissars, 50–4; Dearborn, Queen of Bohemia; Seldes, Witness to a Century, 42–5.
71 Dearborn, Queen of Bohemia, 75.
72 Bryant, 21, xi.
13 ‘For Color and Terror and Grandeur This Makes Mexico Look Pale’
1 Bryant, 19–20.
2 Fuller, Letters, 16.
3 Fuller, Journal, 7, 8–9.
4 See Rosenstone, Romantic Revolutionary, 289.
5 Francis, 167, 168, 165–6.
6 Rogers, 3:9, 147.
7 Homberger, John Reed, 105; Williams, 22.
8 See Williams, 30–1.
9 Ibid., 35, 36.
10 Francis, 169.
11 Fuller, Journal, 15.
12 Rogers, 3:10, 241. George F. Kennan, who was a friend of Reed and was interviewed for Warren Beatty’s 1981 film Reds, agreed that Reed could be ‘inconsiderate, intolerant, needlessly offensive … he could be grievously wrong about many things’. But there he was, with all that energy, in the centre of things in Petrograd, ‘flaming like a human torch with its contagious enthusiasm, absorbing into his youthful frame the immense, incipient antagonism that was eventually to separate two great people and to devastate his own life and so many others. His was one American way of reacting to the Revolution. It deserves to be neither forgotten nor ridiculed.’ Kennan, Russia Leaves the War, 68, 69.
13 Bryant, 25.
14 Ibid., 42, 43, 37.
15 Ibid., 39–40.
16 Gordon, Russian Year, 219.
17 See Pax, Journal d’une comédienne française, 43–6. Pax had actually returned to France for several months.
18 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 227; Bryant, Six Red Months in Russia, 44; see also Reed, 38–40.
19 Reed, 61.
20 Gordon, Russian Year, 219.
21 Brun, Troublous Times, 2.
22 Rogers, 3:9, 159.
23 Harold Williams diary, quoted in Tyrkova-Williams, Cheerful Giver, 193.
24 Maugham, Writer’s Notebook, 145.
25 Ibid., 146.
26 Ransome report to Daily News, quoted in Pitcher, Witnesses of the Russian Revolution, 174.
27 Williams, Shadow of Tyranny, 125; Wright, 130.
28 Brogan, Life of Arthur Ransome, 144, 145.
29 Maugham, Writer’s Notebook, 150.
30 Pitcher, Witnesses of the Russian Revolution, 177.
31 Williams, Shadow of Tyranny, 28; published in New York Times, 6 October NS.
32 Mission, 188–9.