33 Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 197.
34 Ibid.
35 Mission, 191; see also Robien, 121.
36 Wright, 129.
37 Mission, 193; Robien, 122.
38 Hastings, Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham, 228.
39 Rogers, 3:9, 149, 148; Patouillet, 2:194. For the return of the Salvation Army to Petrograd, see Aitken, Blood and Fire, Tsar and Commissar, Chapter 8: ‘1917: A Transient Freedom’.
40 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 352–3.
41 Destrée, Les Fondeurs de la neige, 27.
42 Ibid.
43 Bruce, Silken Dalliance, 163; Reed’s experience was also described in Madeleine Doty’s Behind the Battle Line, 46. Doty, a Greenwich Village friend of Louise Bryant and a trained lawyer, arrived in Petrograd in November 1917, returning to the USA with Bryant and Beatty the following January.
44 Reinke, ‘Getting On Without the Czar’, 12.
45 Crosley, 190.
46 Wright, 129.
47 Bryant, 67.
48 Fleurot, 177.
49 Ibid.
50 Rogers, 3:9, 162.
51 Ibid., 162–3.
52 Gordon, Russian Year, 217–18.
53 Bryant, 120.
54 Hastings, Secret Lives of Somerset Maugham, 230.
55 Mission, 196.
56 Maugham, Writer’s Notebook, 150; Reed’s verdict on Kerensky, quoted in John Hohenburg, Foreign Correspondence: The Great Reporters and Their Times, Columbia University Press, 1995, 105.
57 Mission, 201; Noulens, Mon Ambassade en Russie, 116.
58 Fuller, Journal, 18–19.
59 Rogers, 3:9, 154.
60 Ibid., 155–6; Fuller, Journal, 20.
61 Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.
62 Francis, 169–70.
63 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 142–3.
64 Rogers, 3:9, 164, 167. For a description of the flat, see Fuller, Journal, 47.
65 Wright, 141.
66 Williams, 87–8.
14 ‘We Woke Up to Find the Town in the Hands of the Bolsheviks’
1 Fuller, Journal, 23.
2 Ibid., 26
3 Rogers, 3:9, 186.
4 Ibid., 187.
5 Ibid., 186.
6 Ibid., 187.
7 Ibid., 188–9.
8 Ibid., 189.
9 Ibid., 190.
10 Ibid., 190–1.
11 Ibid., 191.
12 Lindley letter, entry for 25 October, LRA, MS 1372/1.
13 Beatty, 179–80.
14 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 180.
15 Petrograd, 187–8, 190.
16 See Pipes, Russian Revolution, 489, 495; Figes, People’s Tragedy, 486.
17 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 193.
18 Reed, 91, 92.
19 Knox, With the Russian Army, 712. For descriptions of the Smolny at this time, see: Gordon, Russian Year, 231–2; Reed, 54–5, 76–7, 96–9; Doty, Behind the Battle Line, 74–6; see also Robien, 140–1.
20 Reed, 87.
21 Williams, 128–9.
22 Doty, Behind the Battle Line, 76.
23 Reed, 73.
24 According to the History of the Times, Vol. 4, 146, ‘very few correspondents’ witnessed any of these events during the night; in fact most of what happened during 24–6 October was little reported as it occurred, because of the impossibility of getting telegraphed reports out. Before he left, The Times’s own Petrograd correspondent, Robert Wilton, had warned of a second impending revolution. See Philip Knightley, The First Casualty, London: Quartet, 1978, 138.
25 For accounts of this episode, see: Wright, 143; Gordon, Russian Year, 254–5; Barnes, 266–7; Francis, 179; see also Kennan, Russia Leaves the War, 71–2.
26 Pipes, Russian Revolution, 492.
27 Williams, 100–1.
28 lbid., 101, 102, 103.
29 Reed, 98.
30 Beatty, 193.
31 Reed, 100.
32 Beatty, 202.
33 Williams, 11; Bryant, 83.
34 Beatty, 204; Reed, 105.
35 Bryant, 84–6.
36 Beatty, 210; Bryant, 86.
37 Beatty, 210; Bryant, 86–7; Rhys Williams, 119; Reed, 108.
38 Bryant, 87; Beatty, 211; Williams, 119.
39 Beatty, 212, 213, 215.
40 Williams, 122; see also Bryant, 88; Reed, 109.
41 Fuller, Journal, 29.
42 Crosley, 202, 200.
43 Ibid., 204.
44 Bruce, Silken Dalliance, 163–4.
45 Crosley, 208.
46 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 195–6; see also Stites, Women’s Liberation Movement in Russia, 299–300; Tyrkova-Williams, From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, 256–9.
47 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183.
48 Dissolution, 251; Brun, Troublous Times, 14.
49 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183; Crosley, 209, 210.
50 Robien, 136.
51 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 413.
52 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 183; Dissolution, 251.
53 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 184; Dissolution, 251; Knox, With the Russian Army, 713.
54 Tyrkova-Williams, From Liberty to Brest-Litovsk, 25.
55 Williams, 126, 129.
56 Reed, 128.
57 Williams, 130.
58 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 241.
59 Beatty, 217.
60 Williams, 144; Beatty, see Chapter 12; Philips Price, 151–4; Crosley, 211.
61 Beatty, 226.
62 lbid., 229, 237; Williams, 149.
63 Beatty, 235; Williams, 149.
64 Beatty, 233–4.
65 Ibid., 237; Williams, 149; Reed, 184.
66 Reed, 182.
67 Ibid., 183.
68 lbid., 183, 184.
69 Nostitz, Romance and Revolutions, 195–6.
70 Brun, Troublous Times, 18, 20.
71 Robien, 137.
72 Petrograd, 200; Mission, 212.
73 Beatty, 225. Forty-four boys and three of their officers captured at the Vladimirsky were taken away to the fortress at Kronstadt; 129 cadets from the Telephone Exchange were locked up in the Peter and Paul Fortress. See A. Mitrofanov, Za spasenie rodiny, a ne revolyutsii: Vosstanie yunkerov v Petrograde 29 Oktyabrya 1917 g., http://rusk.ru/vst.php?idar=419873
74 Robien, 142.
15 ‘Crazy People Killing Each Other Just Like We Swat Flies at Home’
1 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 146–7; Francis, 188–9.
2 Rogers, 3:9, 181.
3 Ibid., 181-2.
4 Wright, 149–50.
5 Letter of 21 November (4 December), quoted in Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.
6 Dissolution, 263; Mission, 239; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 187.
7 Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 424.
8 Mission, 218, 219; Lady Georgina Buchanan, ‘From the Petrograd Embassy’, 21.
9 Barnes, 277; Cantacuzène, Revolutionary Days, 425.
10 Barnes, 281; Wright, 283; Barnes, 283.
11 Robien, 147.
12 Patouillet, 2:368.
13 Robien, 147.
14 For a description of this, see Doty, Behind the Battle Line, 77–9, and Keeling, Bolshevism, 111–15.
15 Beatty, 293.
16 Rogers, 3:9, 182; Rogers, Wine of Fury, 262–3.
17 See Rogers, 3:9, 191, 190.
18 Robien, 160, 177.
19 Ibid., 166.
20 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 185–6; Cordasco (Woodhouse), online memoir.
21 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 144–5.
22 Crosley, 213; Rogers, Wine of Fury, 261.
23 Robien, 170.
24 Salzman, Reform and Revolution, 198, 383.
25 Robien, 147.
26 Beatty, 322.
27 Letter to Annie Pulliam, quoted in Barnes, 271–2.
28 Ibid.
29 Beatty, 330, 332.
30 Ibid., 331; De Robien, 163–4.
31 Beatty, 332.
32 Ibid., 331.
33 Oudendyk, Ways and By-ways in Diplomacy, 249.
34 Robien, 164; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188.
35 Rogers, 3:9, 205.
36 Dissolution, 266; Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188.
37 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 188; Rogers, 3:9, 199.
38 Robien, 176.
39 Buchanan, Ambassador’s Daughter, 189–90.
40 Bliss, ‘Philip Jordan’s Letters from Russia’, 150.
41 Lunacharsky, quoted in Mark Schrad, Vodka Politics: Alcohol. Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State, New York: OUP, 2014, 202.
42 Rogers, Wine of Fury, 216; Rogers, 3:9, 199; Robien, 164.
43 Robien, 164, 175, 166–7.
44 Garstin, ‘Denis Garstin and the Russian Revolution’, 596.
45 Crosley, 210; Pax, 44, 72–3.