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Here is a list of classifying adjectives:

absolute

active

actual

agricultural

alternative

annual

apparent

available

basic

central

chemical

civil

commercial

communist

conservative

cultural

daily

democratic

direct

domestic

double

due

east

eastern

economic

educational

electric

empty

external

female

financial

foreign

free

full

general

golden

historical

human

ideal

independent

industrial

inevitable

intellectual

internal

international

legal

local

magic

male

medical

mental

military

modern

moral

national

natural

negative

north

northern

nuclear

official

open

original

personal

physical

political

positive

possible

potential

private

professional

proper

psychological

public

raw

ready

real

religious

revolutionary

right

royal

rural

scientific

separate

sexual

single

social

solid

south

southern

standard

straight

sufficient

theoretical

traditional

urban

west

western

wooden

wrong

2.27    Adjectives such as British, American, and Australian, that indicate nationality or origin, are also classifying adjectives. They start with a capital letter because they are related to names of countries.

…American citizens.

Some classifying adjectives are formed from people’s names, for example Victorian and Shakespearean. They also start with a capital letter.

…Victorian houses.

2.28    Because they put something in a class, classifying adjectives are not gradable in the way that qualitative adjectives are. For example, if you do not have to pay for something, you cannot say that it is very free, or rather free. Things are either in a particular class or not in it. Therefore, classifying adjectives do not have comparatives and superlatives and are not normally used with adverbs like very and rather.

However, when you want to show that you feel strongly about what you are saying, you can use an intensifying adverb such as absolutely with a classifying adjective. This is explained in paragraphs 2.147 to 2.148.

adjectives that are of both types

2.29    Some adjectives can be either qualitative or classifying depending on the meaning. For example, in an emotional person, emotional is a qualitative adjective meaning feeling or expressing strong emotions; it has a comparative and superlative and it can be used with words like very and rather. Thus, a person can be very emotional, rather emotional, or more emotional than someone else. However, in the emotional needs of children, emotional is a classifying adjective meaning relating to a person’s emotions, and so it cannot be used with words like very or rather, and it does not have a comparative and superlative.

Here is a list of adjectives that are often used both as qualitative adjectives and as classifying adjectives:

academic

conscious

dry

educational

effective

emotional

extreme

late

modern

moral

objective

ordinary

regular

religious

revolutionary

rural

scientific

secret

similar

social

Identifying colours: colour adjectives

2.30    When you want to say what colour something is, you use a colour adjective.

…her blue eyes.

…a red ribbon.

Here is a list of the main colour adjectives:

black

blue

brown

cream

green

grey

orange

pink

purple

red

scarlet

violet

white

yellow

adding extra information to colour adjectives

2.31    If you want to specify a colour more precisely, you use a word such as light, pale, dark, deep, or bright, in front of a colour adjective.

…light brown hair.

…a pale green suit.

…a dark blue dress.

…deep red dye.

…her bright blue eyes.

These combinations sometimes have hyphens.

…a light-blue suit.

…the plant’s tiny pale-pink flowers.

Note that these words cannot be used with the colours black or white, because you cannot have different shades of black and white.

approximate colours

2.32    If you want to talk about a colour that does not have a definite name you can:

use a colour adjective with -ish added to the end

…greenish glass.

…yellowish hair.

combine two colour adjectives, often with -ish or -y on the end of the first one

…greenish-white flowers.

…a greeny blue line.

…the blue-green waves.

BE CREATIVE

2.33    You can mix colours in these ways to produce whatever new colour you are trying to describe.

comparison of colour adjectives

2.34    Colour adjectives such as blue and green occasionally have comparatives and superlatives ending in -er and -est.

His face was redder than usual.

…the bluest sky I have ever seen.

Comparatives and superlatives are explained in paragraphs 2.103 to 2.122.

colour nouns

2.35    Colours can also be nouns, and the main colours can also be plural nouns.

The snow shadows had turned to a deep blue.

They blended in so well with the khaki and reds of the landscape.