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…brilliantly coloured in reds, yellows, blacks, and purples.

Showing strong feelings: complete, absolute, etc.

2.36    You can emphasize your feelings about something that you mention by putting an adjective such as complete, absolute, or utter in front of a noun.

He made me feel like a complete idiot.

Some of it was absolute rubbish.

…utter despair.

…pure bliss.

You generally use an adjective of this kind only when the noun shows your opinion about something.

Because they are used to show strong feelings, these adjectives are called emphasizing adjectives.

Here is a list of emphasizing adjectives:

absolute

complete

entire

outright

perfect

positive

pure

real

total

true

utter

adjectives for showing disapproval

2.37    A small group of adjectives ending in -ing are used in very informal spoken English for emphasis, usually to show disapproval or contempt.

Everybody in the whole stinking town was loaded with money.

Shut that blinking door!

Here is a list of adjectives used informally for emphasis:

blinking

blithering

blooming

blundering

crashing

flaming

freezing

piddling

raving

scalding

stinking

thumping

thundering

whopping

BE CAREFUL

2.38    Many of these adjectives are usually used with one particular noun or adjective after them: blithering idiot, blundering idiot, crashing bore, raving lunatic, thundering nuisance, freezing cold, scalding hot, piddling little …, thumping great …, whopping great ….

He’s driving that car like a raving lunatic!

I’ve got a stinking cold.

…a piddling little car.

very as an emphasizing adjective

2.39    The word very is sometimes used to emphasize a noun, in expressions like the very top and the very end.

…at the very end of the shop.

…the very bottom of the hill.

These molecules were formed at the very beginning of history.

Making the reference more precise: postdeterminers

2.40    There is a small group of adjectives that are used in a very similar way to determiners (see paragraphs 1.162 to 1.251) to make the reference more precise. These are called postdeterminers, because their place in a noun phrase is immediately after the determiner, if there is one, and before any other adjectives.

…the following brief description.

…certain basic human qualities.

…improvements in the last few years.

…further technological advance. He wore his usual old white coat….

…the only sensible thing to do.

You often need to make it clear precisely what you are referring to. For example, if you say Turn left at the tall building someone might ask which tall building you mean. If you say Turn left at the next tall building, there can be no doubt which one you mean. The postdeterminer next picks it out precisely.

Here is a list of adjectives that are postdeterminers:

additional

certain

chief

entire

existing

first

following

further

last

main

next

only

opposite

other

particular

past

present

previous

principal

remaining

same

special

specific

usual

Some of these adjectives are also ordinary classifying adjectives.

He had children from a previous marriage.

There are two main reasons for this.

Here is a list of postdeterminers that are also classifying adjectives:

additional

chief

existing

further

main

other

particular

past

previous

principal

remaining

specific

Adjectives that are used to show the position of something are also used for precise reference.

…the middle button of her black leather coat.

…the top 100 German companies.

Here is a list of adjectives sometimes used to talk about the position of something as well as for precise reference:

left

right

upper

lower

top

bottom

middle

end

front

back

Postdeterminers can also be used with numbers. This is explained in paragraph 2.219.

Special classes of adjectives

2.41    Most adjectives can be used both before the noun and after a linking verb, but there are some that are only used in one position or the other.

There are a few adjectives that are always or almost always used in front of a noun and are never or rarely used after a linking verb. These adjectives are called attributive adjectives.

Examples are atomic and outdoor. You can talk about an atomic explosion, but you do not say The explosion was atomic. You can talk about outdoor pursuits, but you do not say Their pursuits are outdoor.

adjectives that are only used in front of a noun

2.42    A few qualitative adjectives (see paragraphs 2.22 to 2.25) are only used in front of a noun. Here is a list of qualitative adjectives always used in this way:

adoring

belated

chequered

choked

commanding

fateful

flagrant

fleeting

knotty

paltry

punishing

ramshackle

scant

searing

thankless

unenviable

Most adjectives that are only used in front of a noun are classifying adjectives (see paragraphs 2.26 to 2.28). Here is a list of classifying adjectives used attributively:

atomic

bridal

cardiac

countless

cubic

digital

east

eastern

eventual

existing

federal

forensic

indoor

institutional

introductory

investigative

judicial

lone

maximum

nationwide

neighbouring

north

northern

occasional

orchestral

outdoor

phonetic

preconceived

remedial

reproductive

smokeless

south

southern

subterranean

supplementary