Here is a list of qualitative -ing adjectives that are not related to a common transitive use of a verb:
becoming
bracing
cutting
dashing
disarming
engaging
fetching
halting
haunting
moving
penetrating
piercing
pressing
promising
rambling
ravishing
retiring
revolting
searching
taxing
trying
Here is a list of classifying -ing adjectives that are not related to a common intransitive use of a verb:
acting
driving
floating
gathering
going
leading
missing
running
2.75 Some adjectives are derived from a verb and a prefix. For example, outgoing is derived from the verb go and the prefix out-. There is no verb to outgo.
Wouldn’t that cause a delay in outgoing mail?
Here is a list of -ing adjectives derived from a verb and a prefix:
forthcoming
incoming
oncoming
ongoing
outgoing
outstanding
overarching
overbearing
uplifting
upstanding
2.76 A small group of -ing adjectives are used in informal spoken English for emphasis, usually to express disapproval. This use is explained in paragraphs 2.41 to 2.42.
Some compound adjectives (see paragraphs 2.94 to 2.102) end in -ing.
Special forms: -ed adjectives
2.77 A large number of English adjectives end in -ed. Many of them have the same form as the -ed participle of a verb. Others are formed by adding -ed to a noun. Others are not closely related to any other words.
…a disappointed man.
…a bearded man.
…sophisticated electronic devices.
2.78 Adjectives with the same form as irregular -ed participles (see the Reference Section) that do not end in -ed are also included here as -ed adjectives.
Was it a broken bone, a torn ligament, or what?
The -ed participles of some phrasal verbs (see paragraphs 3.83 to 3.116) can also be used as adjectives. When they are used in front of a noun, the two parts of the phrasal verb are usually written with a hyphen between them.
…the built-up urban mass of the city.
2.79 Most -ed adjectives are related to a transitive verb and have a passive meaning. They show that something has happened or is happening to the thing being described. For example, a frightened person is a person who has been frightened by something. A known criminal is a criminal who is known by the police.
We have a long list of satisfied customers.
We cannot refuse to teach children the required subjects.
qualitative -ed adjectives
2.80 -ed adjectives that refer to a person’s mental or emotional reaction to something are generally qualitative.
He was a worried old man.
…a bored old woman.
…an interested student.
These adjectives can be modified by words such as very and extremely, just like other qualitative adjectives (see paragraphs 2.140 to 2.156).
form and meaning
2.81 Like other adjectives used for talking about feelings, these adjectives are often used to describe the expression, voice, or manner of the person affected, instead of referring directly to that person.
…her big blue frightened eyes.
She could hear his agitated voice.
Barry gave him a worried look.
2.82 Here is a list of qualitative -ed adjectives that have a similar meaning to the most common meaning of the related verb:
agitated
alarmed
amused
appalled
astonished
bored
confused
contented
delighted
depressed
deprived
disappointed
disgusted
disillusioned
distressed
embarrassed
excited
frightened
inhibited
interested
pleased
preoccupied
puzzled
satisfied
shocked
surprised
tired
troubled
worried
Here is a list of qualitative -ed adjectives that do not have a similar meaning to the usual meaning of the related verb:
animated
attached
concerned
determined
disposed
disturbed
guarded
hurt
inclined
mixed
strained
classifying -ed adjectives
2.83 Many other -ed adjectives are used for classifying, and so cannot be used with words like very and rather. For example, a furnished apartment is one type of apartment, contrasting with an apartment without furniture.
…a furnished apartment.
…a painted wooden bowl.
…the closed bedroom door.
Most adjectives that refer to physical distinctions are classifying adjectives.
2.84 Here is a list of classifying -ed adjectives that have a similar meaning to the most common meaning of the related verb:
abandoned
armed
blocked
boiled
broken
canned
classified
closed
concentrated
condemned
cooked
divided
drawn
dried
established
fixed
furnished
haunted
hidden
improved
infected
integrated
known
licensed
loaded
paid
painted
processed
reduced
required
torn
trained
united
wasted
Here is list of -ed classifying adjectives that have a different meaning from the most common meaning of the related verb:
advanced
marked
noted
pointed
spotted
veiled
modifying -ed adjectives
2.85 Classifying -ed adjectives cannot normally be modified with words like quite and very. However, an adverb of manner, (see paragraphs 6.36 to 6.44) or an adverb of degree, (see paragraphs 6.45 to 6.52) is often used before an -ed adjective.
For example, a pleasantly furnished room is a room that has been furnished with pleasant furniture.