6 road wheels with support rollers
M60—United States
High rear deck and prominent cupola
Tortoiseshell-shaped turret
6 road wheels with 3 support rollers
M60A1—United States*
Wedge-shaped turret
Bore evacuator ⅔ down from muzzle, no blast deflector
6 road wheels with support rollers
M60A3—United States
Wedge-shaped turret
Large thermal sleeve ⅔ down from muzzle
Thermal sight and laser range finder mounted at body end of gun (not shown)
6 road wheels with 3 support rollers
M113—United States
.50-cal MG, pintle mounted
Rectangular, box-shaped hull
Track—5 road wheels, no support rollers
M109A61—United States
Self-propelled howitzer with long gun tube
7 evenly spaced road wheels
Large, boxy turret mounted rear of center
M1 Abrams—United States
Low and boxy
Low turret—no cupola
7 road wheels covered with skirt
M2 Bradley—United States
High profile
Distinctive turret in center with tow launcher on left side
6 road wheels, space between third and fourth road wheel
Skirt over road wheels
FORMER WARSAW PACT VEHICLES
PT 76
Cone-shaped turret set well forward
Short gun with evacuator at center, muzzle brake at end
Wide, long, square hull
Narrow back, 6 road wheels, no support rollers
T54/55
Dome-shaped turret mounted over third road wheel
Long gun with bore evacuator at muzzle
Sloped, low-silhouetted hull
5 road wheels with gap between first and second
No support rollers
Infrared searchlight for gun
T62
Smooth, round (pear-shaped) turret
Long gun with evacuator ⅓ down from muzzle
Flat engine deck
5 road wheels, with large gaps between third, fourth, and fifth; no support rollers
T64
Turret centrally mounted on chassis
Support rollers and 6 road wheels
Glacis has 4 steel ribs and V-shaped splash guard
Infrared searchlight mounted to left of the main armament
125mm main gun with midtube bore evacuator
T72
Turret centrally mounted on chassis
Support rollers and 6 road wheels
V-shaped mud deflector on front slope
Infrared searchlight mounted to left of gun tube
T80
Rounded turret mounted midway on tank
Single snorkel mounted on left side of turret
Long gun with bore evacuator ⅓ distance from muzzle
6 evenly spaced road wheels with 3 support rollers
Sharply sloped upper glacis with V-shaped splash guard
T-10
Turret round, well forward, well sloped
Long gun tube, bore evacuator near end of muzzle break
Narrow hull; wide splash guard
7 road wheels, 3 support rollers
ZSU 23-4
Shallow and square-sided turret
4 antiaircraft guns
Square-sided hull
6 road wheels, no support rollers
BMD
Same turret and armament as BMP (see below)
Driver’s hatch centered below main gun
5 road wheels, 4 support rollers
Found with airborne units
BMP
Circular, cone-shaped turret
Short gun with missile mounted above
Low, wide hull
6 road wheels with support rollers
BTR 60P
May have small turret
Machine gun toward front
Large, boatlike hull with sharp, square nose
Wheeled—4 large wheels each side
BRDM
No turret
Armament may vary from pintle-mounted machine gun to antitank missiles
Long, sloping hood and raised troop compartment
4 wheels
BRDM-2
Small, cone-shaped turret, centered on hull
Machine gun mounted in turret
Square-shaped hull with distinct undercut at nose
Wheeled—2 each side
SAU 122
PT-76–type chassis with 7 road wheels
Turret location is rear of center
Infrared searchlight top left of turret
Double-baffle muzzle brake and bore evacuator
* Drawing from Alan K. Russell, Modern Battle Tanks and Support Vehicles (Greenhill Books, London, and Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA).
Appendix C
Operational Graphics
Operational graphics (map symbols) depict control measures and friendly and enemy units and equipment. These symbols are normally written on graphical overlays, which fit to the individual map scale, to help leaders better identify the battle plan and the placement of units and equipment applicable to the battle.
RULES
Operational graphics depict both the operational and support roles of the battle and have certain rules.
CONTROL MEASURES
All control measures (obstacles, locations, routes, and lines)—friendly, enemy, neutral, or factional—are drawn using the color green.
All other friendly graphic control measures are shown in black. Enemy graphic control measures are shown in red. If red is not available, they are drawn in black with a double line or the abbreviation “ENY” placed in at least two locations to avoid confusion. If colors are used to show friendly or enemy (hostile factions), they must be shown on the overlay in a legend describing what each color means.
UNIT AND EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS