J. Angus Johnston, "Student Activism in the United States before 1960: An Overview," in Student Protest, 12-26, at 22-23.
Jeremy Rifkin, The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream (New York: Tarcher/Penguin, 2004), 251.
Cajo Brendel, "The Working Class Uprising in East-Germany June 1953: Class Struggle against Bolshevism," Spartacusbond (June 1953): 1-25, at 4, https:// www.marxists.org/archive/brendel/1953/eastgermany.htm.
"Uprising in East Germany 1953: Shedding Light on a Major Cold War Flashpoint: A National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book," ed. Malcolm Byrne; comp. Gregory F. Domber (June 15, 2001), http://www2.gwu. edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB50/.
Brendel, "The Working Class Uprising in East-Germany June 1953," 6.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), http://www.infoplease.com/us/ supreme-court/cases/ar04.html.
Global Nonviolent Action Database: German students campaign for democracy (1966-68), http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/ german-students-campaign-democracy-1966-68.
For a general overview of the German student movement's struggles to maintain German Democracy, see Belinda J. Davis, Changing the World, Changing Oneself: Political Protest and Collective Identitites in West Germany and the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s (New York: Berghan, 2010).
Maude Bracke, "French Responses to the Prague Spring: Connections, (Mis) perception and Appriation," Europe-Asia Studies 60, no. 10 (December 2008): 1735-47.
"Vaclav Havel quotes," http://thinkexist.com/quotes/vaclav_havel/.
Gerd-Rainer Horn, "The Working-Class Dimension of 1968," in Transnational Moments of Change: Europe 1945, 1968, 1989, ed. Gerd-Rainer Horn and Padraic Kenney (Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield Publishers, 2004), 111-12.
Dermot Sreenan, "Paris 1968, 25 years ago: When France Rebelled," Workers Solidarity No. 39, 1993," http://struggle.ws/ws93/paris39.html.
Ibid.
Arthur Marwick, " '1968' and the Cultural Revolution of the Long Sixties (c.1958-c.1974)," in Transnational Moments of Change, 81-94, at 84.
Sreenan, "Paris 1968."
Charles Posner, Reflections on the Revolution in France: 1968 (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1970), 73; Sreenan, "Paris 1968."
Daniel Singer, Prelude to Revolution: France in May 1968 (New York: Hill and Wang, 1970), 9-10.
Posner, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 104.
Zolov, Refried Elvis: The Rise of the Mexican Counterculture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 119-31.
Ibid., 72-77.
Ibid., 74-75; Elena Poniatowska, Massacre in Mexico, trans. Helen R. Lane (New York: Viking, 1971), 288.
Poniatowska, Massacre in Mexico, 24-25.
Ibid., 45.
Ronald L. Ecker, "The Tlatelolco Massacre in Mexico," 6, http://ronecker. byethost18.com/massacre.html.
Poniatowska, Massacre in Mexico, 88.
Ecker, "The Tlatelolco Massacre in Mexico," 7.
"Informe Historico a la Sociedad Mexicana-2006," Fiscalta Especial para Movimientos Sociales y Poltticos del Pasada (November 2006): 121, 139, cited in Ecker, "The Tlatelolco Massacre in Mexico," 7.
Wangari Muta Maathai, Unbowed: A Memoir (New York: Anchor Books, 2007), 121.
Ibid., 125.
CHAPTER 8
Temma Kaplan, Taking Back the Streets: Women, Youth, and Direct Democracy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 195-201.
Raj Kumar, Rameshwari Devi, and Romila Pruthi, Women's Role in [sic] Indian National Movement (Jaipur, India: Pointer Publishers, 2003), 42-43.
Roman Laba, The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working-Class Democratization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991), 21.
Ibid., 81.
Lawrence Goodwyn, Breaking the Barrier: The Rise of Solidarity in Poland (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 160.
Ibid., 163.
Rudolf Diaz, "Socio-Economic Inequality in Chile," Harvard International Review (December 22, 2010), http://hir.harvard.edu/pressing-change/ socioeconomic-inequality-in-chile-0.
Kaplan, Taking Back the Streets, 55-56.
The entire speech appears in https://www.marxists.org/archive/allende/1973/ september/11.htm.
Zhang Liang, Andrew Nathan, and Perry Link, eds., The Tiananmen Papers: The Chinese Leadership's Decision to Use Force against Their Own People—in Their Own Words (Cambridge, MA: Public Affairs, Perseus Group, 2001), 16.
Ibid., 37, 101.
Ibid., 114.
Kurt Schock, Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies: Social Movements, Protest and Contestation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005), 99-101.
Craig Calhoun, Neither Gods Nor Emperors: Students and the Struggle for Democracy in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 107-10.
Monique Skidmore, "Aung San Suu Kyi," in Encyclopedia of Human Rights, ed. David P. Forsythe, 3 Vols. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009), 1:126-29.
An important assessment of how the democratic transition proceeded in Burma appears in Evan Osnos, "Letter from Rangoon: The Burmese Spring," The New Yorker (August 6, 2012): 52-64.
Personal conversation at the New York Institute for the Humanities at New York University, October 1982.
A sampling of participant accounts of these movements can be found in Mark Bray, Translating Anarchy: The Anarchism of Occupy Wall Street (Winchester, UK: Zero Books, 2013); Arab Spring Dreams: The Next Generation Speaks Out for Freedom and Justice from North Africa to Iran, ed. Nasser Weddady and Sohrab Ahmari (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012); and Diaries of an Unfinished Revolution: Voices from Tunis to Damascus, ed. Layla Al-Zubaidi, Matthew Cassel, and Nemonie Craven Roderick (New York: Penguin Books, 2013).
Further Reading
CHAPTER 1: PARTING THE WATERS AND ORGANIZING THE PEOPLE
Allam, Schafik. Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt. Guizeh, Egypt: Ministry of Culture, Egypt Foreign Cultural Relations, Prism Publications, 1985.
Casson, Lionel. Everyday Life in Ancient Egypt. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Crone, Patricia. God's Rule: Government and Islam. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
Finley, M. I. The Ancient Greeks. 1963. Reprint, New York: Penguin Books, 1991.
Fornara, Charles W., and Loren J. Samons II. Athens from Cleisthenes to Pericles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
Kagan, Donald. Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy. New York: Free Press, 1991.
Kennedy, Hugh. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphate: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. 2nd ed. New York: Longman, 2004.
Linebaugh, Peter. The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and Commons for All. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
Quilter, Jeffrey, and Luis Jaime Castillo Butters, eds. New Perspectives on Moche Political Organization. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2010.