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a thematic dictionary

Descriptionary

FOURTH EDITION

The book for when you know what it is, hut not what it's called

MARC McCUTCHEON

Descriptionary

fourth edition

Marc McCutcheon

exacts on file

An imprint oflnfobase Publishing

DESCRIPTIONARY, Fourth Edition

Copyright © 2010, 2005, 2000, 1992 by Marc McCutcheon

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:

Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

McCutcheon, Marc.

Descriptionary / Marc McCutcheon. — 4th ed. p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-7946-9 (alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-2974-7 (e-book)

1. English language—Synonyms and antonyms—Dictionaries. 2. Description (Rhetoric)—Dictionaries. 3. English language—Terms and phrases. 4. Figures of speech—Dictionaries. I. Title. PE1591.M415 2010

423'.12—dc22 2009020462

Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755.

You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com

Text design by Kerry Casey

Composition by Hermitage Publishing Services

Cover printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Book printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.

Date printed: May 2010

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Contents

INTRODUCTION xiii

ANIMALS AND INSECTS 1

Animal Groups 1

Birds 2

Cats 3

Dinosaurs 5

Dogs 8

Horses 10

Horse Breeds 12

Horse Colors and Markings 14

Insects and Spiders 15

Livestock 16

Beef Cattle Breeds 18

Dairy Cattle Breeds 19

Goat Breeds 19

Pig Breeds 19

Sheep Breeds 20

Moths and Butterflies 20

Whales 22

ARCHITECTURE 23

Architecture Terms 23

Bridges 28

Castles and Medieval Buildings 29

Medieval Villages 32

House Construction 32

House Styles 35

International and Native American Architecture 37

Ancient Greek and Roman Architecture 37

Far Eastern Architecture 41

Indian Architecture 42

Middle Eastern Architecture 42

Native American Architecture 43

Russian Architecture 44

Spanish Architecture 44

Lighthouses 44

Religious Buildings 45

Cemeteries, Tombs, and Monuments 48

Styles of Architecture 49

Windmills 50

ART 51

Art Terms 51

Art Tools and Materials 57

Photography 59

Sculpture 61

Sculpting Marbles 62

CLOTHING AND FASHION 63

Clothing of Ancient Greece 63

Clothing of Ancient Rome 63

Clothing of Medieval England and France 64

Clothing of the i6th Century 67

Clothing of the 17TH Century 68

Clothing of the i8th Century 70

Clothing of the 19TH Century 71

Clothing of the 20TH and 2ist Centuries 74

Caps and Hats 74

Coats 76

Collars 77

Dresses 77

Fabrics and Fabric Designs 79

Fashion Styles 83

Footwear 85

Boots 85

Parts of a Shoe 85

Sandals 85

Shoes 86

Glasses and Sunglasses 86

Jackets 87

Jewelry 87

Pants 95

Shirts 96

Skirts 96

Sport Jackets 97

Sweaters 98

Tops 98

ELECTRONICS 100

Computers 100

Chatting Shorthand 106

The Internet 107

Viruses, Parasites, and Other Computer Invaders 113

Electronic Terms 114

Robotics 115

ENVIRONMENT 118

Atmosphere and Sky 118

Beaches and Shores 119

Caves 121

Clouds 122

Deserts 123

Desert Vegetation 124

Earthquakes 125

Fields, Meadows, and Marshes 126

Flowers and Plants 126

Fog 128

Gardens and Landscaping 128

Garden Pests and Diseases 133

Geology and Landforms 133

Geological Time 138

Glaciers and Ice 139

Lakes, Ponds, and Swamps 141

Meteorology 142

Mountains 144

Precipitation 145

Rivers and Streams 146

Rocks and Gems 147

Seas and Oceans 153

Soil 156

Trees, Forests, and Jungles 156

Valleys 158

Volcanoes 158

Wind and Storms 161

FINANCE 164

International Monetary Units 164

Stocks, Bonds, Commodities, and Market Terms 167

FOOD AND DRINK 175

Appetizers 175

Beer 175

Bottles and Glasses 177

Breads 177

Cocktails 179

Coffee 180

Cooking Terms 182

French Cooking Terms 184

Desserts 188

Cakes 188

Cookies 189

Other Desserts 190

Pastries 190

Dinner Dishes 191

Liqueurs 194

Salads 195

Sauces and Marinades 196

Soups, Stews, and Broths 197

Tea 199

Wines and Wine Terms 200

FURNITURE 203

Beds 203

Bureaus, Cabinets, and Chests 203

Chairs and Sofas 204

Decorative and Construction Elements 206

Styles 210

Tables and Desks 212

human body and mind 213

Cancer and Tumors 213

Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth 214

Digestive System 218

Ears 220

Eyes 221

Hair 223

Beards 223

Hairstyles 224

Hairstyles of the 18th Century 225

Hairstyles of the 19th Century 226

Mustaches 226

Heart and Circulatory System 227

Arteries 229

Blood 231

Veins 232

Hormones 233

Infants and Babies 235

Lungs and Breathing 235

Muscular System 237

Muscle Diseases and Disorders 240

Nervous System 240

Brain 240

Nerves 243

Nose 245

Organs and Glands 246

Psychology and Psychiatry 247

Sexuality 261

Homosexuality 264

Sexual Deviations 265

Skeletal System 266

Bone Diseases, Disorders, and Breaks 267

Teeth 267

Skin 268

Sleep 270

Sociology and Culture 272

LANGUAGE 277

British Words and Slang 277

Drug Words and Slang 279

Cocaine and Crack 279

Heroin and LSD 280

Marijuana 281

Other Drug Terms 282

Grammatical Terms 284

Mafia/Organized Crime Terms and Slang 286

Prison Slang 287

Urban Street and Rap Slang 289

Voice and Phonetics 292

Word Games 293

Words About Words 293

LAW 302

Contract Law 302

Criminal and Tort Law 302

Probate Law 311

Property and Real Estate Law 312

MAGIC AND THE OCCULT 313