a thematic dictionary
Descriptionary
FOURTH EDITION
The book for when you know what it is, hut not what it's called
MARC McCUTCHEON
Descriptionary
fourth edition
Marc McCutcheon
exacts on file
An imprint oflnfobase Publishing
DESCRIPTIONARY, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2010, 2005, 2000, 1992 by Marc McCutcheon
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McCutcheon, Marc.
Descriptionary / Marc McCutcheon. — 4th ed. p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-7946-9 (alk. paper) ISBN 978-1-4381-2974-7 (e-book)
1. English language—Synonyms and antonyms—Dictionaries. 2. Description (Rhetoric)—Dictionaries. 3. English language—Terms and phrases. 4. Figures of speech—Dictionaries. I. Title. PE1591.M415 2010
423'.12—dc22 2009020462
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Text design by Kerry Casey
Composition by Hermitage Publishing Services
Cover printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Book printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich.
Date printed: May 2010
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
INTRODUCTION xiii
ANIMALS AND INSECTS 1
Animal Groups 1
Birds 2
Cats 3
Dinosaurs 5
Dogs 8
Horses 10
Horse Breeds 12
Horse Colors and Markings 14
Insects and Spiders 15
Livestock 16
Beef Cattle Breeds 18
Dairy Cattle Breeds 19
Goat Breeds 19
Pig Breeds 19
Sheep Breeds 20
Moths and Butterflies 20
Whales 22
ARCHITECTURE 23
Architecture Terms 23
Bridges 28
Castles and Medieval Buildings 29
Medieval Villages 32
House Construction 32
House Styles 35
International and Native American Architecture 37
Ancient Greek and Roman Architecture 37
Far Eastern Architecture 41
Indian Architecture 42
Middle Eastern Architecture 42
Native American Architecture 43
Russian Architecture 44
Spanish Architecture 44
Lighthouses 44
Religious Buildings 45
Cemeteries, Tombs, and Monuments 48
Styles of Architecture 49
Windmills 50
ART 51
Art Terms 51
Art Tools and Materials 57
Photography 59
Sculpture 61
Sculpting Marbles 62
CLOTHING AND FASHION 63
Clothing of Ancient Greece 63
Clothing of Ancient Rome 63
Clothing of Medieval England and France 64
Clothing of the i6th Century 67
Clothing of the 17TH Century 68
Clothing of the i8th Century 70
Clothing of the 19TH Century 71
Clothing of the 20TH and 2ist Centuries 74
Caps and Hats 74
Coats 76
Collars 77
Dresses 77
Fabrics and Fabric Designs 79
Fashion Styles 83
Footwear 85
Boots 85
Parts of a Shoe 85
Sandals 85
Shoes 86
Glasses and Sunglasses 86
Jackets 87
Jewelry 87
Pants 95
Shirts 96
Skirts 96
Sport Jackets 97
Sweaters 98
Tops 98
ELECTRONICS 100
Computers 100
Chatting Shorthand 106
The Internet 107
Viruses, Parasites, and Other Computer Invaders 113
Electronic Terms 114
Robotics 115
ENVIRONMENT 118
Atmosphere and Sky 118
Beaches and Shores 119
Caves 121
Clouds 122
Deserts 123
Desert Vegetation 124
Earthquakes 125
Fields, Meadows, and Marshes 126
Flowers and Plants 126
Fog 128
Gardens and Landscaping 128
Garden Pests and Diseases 133
Geology and Landforms 133
Geological Time 138
Glaciers and Ice 139
Lakes, Ponds, and Swamps 141
Meteorology 142
Mountains 144
Precipitation 145
Rivers and Streams 146
Rocks and Gems 147
Seas and Oceans 153
Soil 156
Trees, Forests, and Jungles 156
Valleys 158
Volcanoes 158
Wind and Storms 161
FINANCE 164
International Monetary Units 164
Stocks, Bonds, Commodities, and Market Terms 167
FOOD AND DRINK 175
Appetizers 175
Beer 175
Bottles and Glasses 177
Breads 177
Cocktails 179
Coffee 180
Cooking Terms 182
French Cooking Terms 184
Desserts 188
Cakes 188
Cookies 189
Other Desserts 190
Pastries 190
Dinner Dishes 191
Liqueurs 194
Salads 195
Sauces and Marinades 196
Soups, Stews, and Broths 197
Tea 199
Wines and Wine Terms 200
FURNITURE 203
Beds 203
Bureaus, Cabinets, and Chests 203
Chairs and Sofas 204
Decorative and Construction Elements 206
Styles 210
Tables and Desks 212
human body and mind 213
Cancer and Tumors 213
Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth 214
Digestive System 218
Ears 220
Eyes 221
Hair 223
Beards 223
Hairstyles 224
Hairstyles of the 18th Century 225
Hairstyles of the 19th Century 226
Mustaches 226
Heart and Circulatory System 227
Arteries 229
Blood 231
Veins 232
Hormones 233
Infants and Babies 235
Lungs and Breathing 235
Muscular System 237
Muscle Diseases and Disorders 240
Nervous System 240
Brain 240
Nerves 243
Nose 245
Organs and Glands 246
Psychology and Psychiatry 247
Sexuality 261
Homosexuality 264
Sexual Deviations 265
Skeletal System 266
Bone Diseases, Disorders, and Breaks 267
Teeth 267
Skin 268
Sleep 270
Sociology and Culture 272
LANGUAGE 277
British Words and Slang 277
Drug Words and Slang 279
Cocaine and Crack 279
Heroin and LSD 280
Marijuana 281
Other Drug Terms 282
Grammatical Terms 284
Mafia/Organized Crime Terms and Slang 286
Prison Slang 287
Urban Street and Rap Slang 289
Voice and Phonetics 292
Word Games 293
Words About Words 293
LAW 302
Contract Law 302
Criminal and Tort Law 302
Probate Law 311
Property and Real Estate Law 312
MAGIC AND THE OCCULT 313