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grabbing brass rings like his

Eagle Scout badge and the

graduate school fellowship.

His failures after leaving

graduate school had led him,

by late 2010, to a crisis of

confidence

in

which

he

turned away from his friends

and broke up with his

girlfriend for a spell.

“I felt ashamed of where

my life was,” he wrote in the

digital diary he kept on his

laptop. “More and more my

emotions and thoughts were

ruling my life and my word

was losing power.”

Silk Road was, in some

sense, a last heave—a Hail

Mary in the parlance of

Ross’s

football-mad

hometown. By the time he

got it open in late January, he

had, by his own accounting,

gone through $20,000 of the

$30,000 he had to his name.

When Silk Road finally

opened up to anyone with a

Tor web browser it was a

simple site, with pictures of

Ross’s mushrooms next to

their price in Bitcoin. At the

top, there was a man in a

turban riding a green camel,

which would come to be the

site’s

trademark

image.

Within days, a few people

signed up, and the first orders

came

in

for

Ross’s

mushrooms. Soon thereafter,

the first vendors joined in,

offering to sell their own

illegal wares. By the end of

February,

twenty-eight

transactions had been made

for products including LSD,

mescaline,

and

ecstasy.

Ross’s growing confidence

was evident from a message

he posted on the Bitcoin

forum from his new screen

name: silkroad.

“The general mood of this

community is that we are up

to something big, something

that can really shake things

up. Bitcoin and Tor are

revolutionary and sites like

Silk Road are just the

beginning,” he wrote on the

forum.

In his own diary, Ross

was more frank: “I am

creating a year of prosperity

and power beyond what I

have

ever

experienced

before.”

CHAPTER 7

March 16, 2011

The response to Silk Road

on the Bitcoin forums was

initially somewhat tepid—

only a few people chimed in.

But it got much more

attention on the most widely

used message board for

hackers—4chan—and

new

Silk Road members were

soon pouring in, along with

orders. By mid-March, the

site had over 150 members.

That was, in fact, more than

Ross was equipped to handle.

He had to return again and

again to the friend who had

been helping him with the

code, to figure out how to

deal with all the traffic. When

the site went down on March

15, he chatted his friend

Richard Bates in a panic.

“i’m so stressed! i gotta

get this site up tonight,” Ross

wrote.

“I’m not sure how this

stuff works,” Richard wrote

back.

“i wish i did,” Ross

responded.

One of the people who

visited the site while it was

temporarily offline was the

host of a popular libertarian

radio

program

in

New

Hampshire, Free Talk Live,

who was broadcasting live at

the time. Ian Freeman and his

cohost had been introduced to

Bitcoin earlier in the year by

Gavin Andresen, a regular

listener who thought the show

could reach an audience that

would be sympathetic to

Bitcoin. At a lunch with

Gavin, the hosts of Free Talk

Live had shown interest, but ultimately

went

away

unconvinced. Who was going

to have an incentive to use

this? they asked. Their views,

though, changed dramatically

less than two months later

when they learned about Silk

Road.

“All of the sudden my

interest has been piqued,”

Freeman said on the air.

Freeman and his cohosts

did their best to explain how

Bitcoin

and

Silk

Road

worked and they debated the

possibility that Silk Road was

a trap set up by the CIA. But

the hosts agreed that Silk

Road was something utterly

new, harnessing Bitcoin to

enable a type of transaction

that was, for all intents and

purposes, not possible before

—an online drug purchase.

What’s more, getting cocaine

or LSD delivered to your

home—or a rented mailbox—

seemed highly preferable to

meeting a sketchy dealer at

some dark rendezvous.

When Freeman tried to

get on Silk Road while he

was on the air, and found it

was down, he wondered if it

had all been a mirage. But

when he had been on the site

shortly before, he had seen

151 registered users and 38

listings.

Someone

had

recently delivered ecstasy

tablets from Europe to the

United States, taped to the

inside of a birthday card.

Here was something that

could take advantage of

Bitcoin’s unique qualities and

help it grow.

“This could be the killer

application

for

Bitcoin,”

Freeman said.

When Ross learned about

the broadcast a day later, he

had gotten Silk Road up

again, and he wrote to his

friend Richard Bates with a

mixture of fear and pride.

“my site had a 40 minute

spot on a national radio

program,” Ross wrote in a

chat session with Richard.

“friggin crazy, you gotta

keep my secret buddy,” Ross

added.

“I haven’t told anyone

and I don’t intend to,”

Richard wrote back.

“i know i can trust you,”

Ross responded.

ONE OF THE many listeners

who heard the conversation

about Silk Road on Free Talk

Live was Roger Ver, an

American entrepreneur living

in Tokyo, just a few miles

from Mark Karpeles.

In comparison with many

Bitcoin aficionados, Roger

had a rather happy upbringing

in the Bay Area, where he

grew up with one sister and

two half brothers. He had

been a natural at the strategy

game Magic: The Gathering

—so good that he traveled on

an amateur circuit to play

competitively. But he was

also on a wrestling team, and

he and his brother both spent

many afternoons fine-tuning

their muscle cars—Roger’s, a

Mercury Capri; his brother’s,

a Mustang.

At the age of twenty,

Roger signed up to run for the

California state assembly as a

libertarian candidate, vowing

never to take a government

salary. In the midst of his

campaign for the assembly,

federal agents arrested Roger

for peddling Pest Control

Report 2000—a mix between