Выбрать главу

social reform, 426–7

Sodom and Gomorrah, 271–2, 273–5

sodomy, 272–3, 432, 433, 434, 479, 514; see also homosexuality

Solomon, King, 35, 54, 55

the Somme, Battle of, 443–4, 445, 447, 456, 462

Sophocles: Oedipus the King, 16–17; Antigone, 17–18

South Africa, 364, 484–6; apartheid in, 486–7, 488, 489

Soviet Union, 452–4; Cold War, 473; collapse of, 488–9

Spain: Visigoths in, 164, 177; fall to Islam, 165, 177; Christian military defeats (1190s), 244; Saracen defeat at Las Navas de Tolosa (1212), 246, 247; as great battlefield between good and evil, 247; El Encubierto (the Hidden One), 286, 287; fall of Granada (1492), 286–7; imperialism, 287–93, 330–1, 332; Inquisition, 290; ultimatum to Jews (1492), 290; Dutch rebels, 318, 322

Sparta, 12, 125

Spinoza, Baruch, 358–60, 370; Theological-Political Treatise (1670), 359–63, 377

SS (Schutzstaffel), 459–60, 466

Starr, Ringo, 472, 497, 510*

Stephen (Waik), King of Hungarians, 202, 203, 204, 231, 330

Stoic philosophy, 27–8, 59, 151; and St Paul, 77–8, 104, 222

Strasbourg, 313

Sumner, William Graham, 436

Sweden, 312, 341

Swinburne, Algernon Charles, xxviii

Syria, 42, 46, 96, 164, 165, 171, 172; civil war (from 2011), 495–6

Taborites, 276–7, 281–4, 382, 442

Tacitus, 85*

Tarsus, port-city of, 70, 171

Tasmania, 427

Tenochtitlan, 289–91, 292, 399

the Vosges, 157

Thebes (Greece), 16–18

Theodore, St, (ascetic in Galatia), 153, 164

Theodore, St, (archbishop of Canterbury), 171, 172–4, 181

theology: Origen’s theologia, 105, 106; Trinity concept, 105, 114–15, 166–7, 350, 351; and Aristotle, 106, 248–51, 258, 292, 331, 337, 338, 415; and Constantine, 114–16; and God’s vengeance on the Jews, 163; Abelard’s use of reason, 223–8; as the queen of sciences, 228, 254, 429; revelation and reason, 250–1, 260; and heliocentrism, 339–40; Spinoza’s Theological-Political Treatise (1670), 359–63, 377; ‘natural theology’, 422, 423, 424–5, 428–9; and apartheid in South Africa, 485, 486; as deeply embedded in modern age, 515–16, 522; see also Aquinas, Thomas, St; Calvin, Jean; Luther, Martin

Therasia (wife of Paulinus), 133

Thirty Years War, 324–5, 341–2, 343, 353, 354

Thunor (pagan god), 189, 191, 320

Thuringia, court of, 231–2, 234, 236–7, 303

Thurman, Uma, 512

time: dating systems, xxiv, 173, 188; end of the world, 150–4, 156–7, 163–5; in early philosophy, 151; straight line from Genesis to Revelation, 152–3, 420; vision of the afterlife, 154–5; order of the saeculum, 159–60, 519; Bede renders as Christian, 173, 188; cycle of the year, 188, 197; as decisive test of Christian order, 197; modernitas, 230, 279–80; Joachim’s prophecy, 256; Hilten’s prophesies, 284–6, 294, 304; and Columbus, 288; and the New World, 288–9, 290; Chinese calendars, 329–30, 332, 333, 334–6, 343; French revolutionary calendar, 380–1; three ages of European history, 381–2; and geology, 420–2

Toledo, 248

toleration, concept of: and English Civil War, 350–1, 352; and Westphalian system, 353; and Cromwell, 353–5, 356–7; and Act of Uniformity in Britain, 359; and Spinoza, 359–63, 370; Penn in Philadelphia, 365, 368–70, 384; and Voltaire, 375

Tolkien, J. R. R., 460–1, 464, 502; The Lord of the Rings, 461–3, 464, 469–71, 501, 502; on myth, 524

torture instruments/methods: in Greek world, 4; in ancient Persia, 5–6, 8; scaphe in ancient Persia, 5–6, 8, 47, 390; in the Roman amphitheatre, 91–2, 93–4

Toulouse, 242–3, 244–6, 371–3, 378, 387

Tours, 127, 128–31, 153, 155, 195; St Martin’s basilica at, 139–40, 177, 379–80, 382; collections of scripture written by monks, 195–6

Trojan War, 13–14, 15, 127

Trump, Donald J., 512–14, 516

Tunis, 170–1, 417

Tutu, Desmond, 485, 486, 487

Ulfilas (priest), 186, 192

Ulrich (bishop of Augsburg), 199

United Nations, 494, 495, 505

United States of America, xxv, xxvi; book of Genesis as seedbed of Republic, 384; constitution, 384; slavery in southern states, 394, 415, 417, 426; Civil War, 417, 426; the West in nineteenth century, 419–20, 424, 427, 435; Cold War, 473; racism and segregation in, 474–6; campaign for civil rights in, 474–7, 515; assassination of King (April 1968), 477–8; 11 September 2001 terror attacks, 489–90; religious sex scandals, 510–11; culture wars, 512–17

Urban II, Pope, 216–18, 220, 244

Urban VI, Pope, 265, 266

Urban VIII, Pope (Maffeo Barberini), 337, 340–1

Ussher, James, archbishop of Armagh, 420

Utrecht, 189

Valladolid, 331

Vandals, 137

Vatican, building of St Peter’s at, 293

Venice, 274, 330

Venus, 262–3, 268

Vienna, Congress of (1814–15), 393–4, 395, 405

Vienne (city south of Lyon), 89–90, 91–2, 93–4, 95, 97–8

Vikings, 197, 201

Virgil, 57, 65

Visconti, Mateo, 256

Visigoths, 137, 164, 177

Voltaire, 373–9, 385, 387, 395, 430

Waldensians, 234–5, 240

Wales, 316, 317

Wartburg, castle of, 234, 236, 303–4, 467

Washington, George, 384

Waterloo, Battle of (18 June 1815), 395–6, 405

the weak and downtrodden: ‘So the last will be first, and the first last’, xxi, 271, 378, 418, 425, 449–50, 516; in classical antiquity, xxviii, 121, 390; kingship and equity, 6; and life of Christ, 69, 123–4, 126, 270–1; shaming of the strong by the weak, 74, 525; and Julian, 120–1; and Martin of Tours, 127, 128–32, 137, 139–40, 382–3; de Sade’s view of, 391, 392–3; implications of evolutionary theory, 423, 425–8; Nietzsche’s view of, 446–7, 449–50; Hitler’s contempt for Christian teachings, 459–60, 465

wealth and privilege: in Roman world, xiii–xiv, 28, 73, 74, 107, 121–4, 126, 132–7; and teachings of Jesus, xxi, 129–31, 132–3, 134, 135–6, 138–9, 277, 279, 349, 382, 436; in Book of Job, 48; shaming of the strong by the weak, 74, 525; and Origen, 107; rich Christians, 121–2, 132–7, 277, 325; Pelagius on, 136, 348; Augustine of Hippo’s teachings, 138–40; the Pope at Avignon, 261; and sans-culottes in French Revolution, 382, 383; and Carnegie, 435–8, 439; and Lennon’s ‘Imagine’, 480; in Trump’s America, 516, 517

Weinberg, Steven, 521

Weinstein, Harvey, 507–8, 509–10, 512

Wessel, Horst, 457–8

West Indies, 287–8, 292, 365–7, 392–3, 394

Westphalia, Treaty of (1648), 353, 354

White Mountain, battle of (1620), 324

Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 443, 445, 451

Winstanley, Gerrard, 347–50, 352, 454, 480

Winthrop, John, 326–8, 437

Wittenberg, 294, 295, 296–7, 298–9, 303, 307, 405

Woden, 187, 188, 445

Worms, Diet of, 299–300, 301–3, 310, 311

Wycliffe, John, 278, 280

Xenocrates, 105

Xenophanes, 19–20, 112

Xerxes, King of Persia, 3–5, 9, 10, 13

Xu Guangqi, 329–30, 332, 334–5

Yang Guangxian, 342–3

Yazidis, 525

al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab, 493–4, 495

Zeno, 27, 105

Zeus, 13, 14, 31, 44–5

Žižka, Jan, 283–4

Zurich, 313