112. Fisher, The Voyage of Semen Dezhnev in 1648, p. 193.
113. Wright, Asiatic Russia, vol. 2, p. 280.
114. Riha, ed., Readings in Russian Civilization, vol. 2, p. 146.
115. Ibid.
116. Lantzeff, Siberia in the Seventeenth Century, p.80.
117. Ibid., p. 172.
118. Stejneger, Georg Wilhelm Steller, p. 141.
119. Lantzeff, op. cit., p. 108.
120. Quoted in Levin and Potapov, eds., The Peoples of Siberia, p. 118.
121. Dmytryshyn, ed., Russia’s Conquest, p. xlix.
122. Quoted in Lantzeff, op. cit., p. 187.
123. Wood, “Avvakum’s Siberian Exile,” in Wood and French, eds., The Development of Siberia, p. 29.
124. Ibid., p. 22.
125. Instructions to Golovin, quoted in Lantzeff, op. cit., fn., p. 36.
126. Longworth, The Cossacks, pp. 68-69.
127. Lantzeff and Pierce, Eastward to Empire, p. 226.
128. Quoted in Utley, The Indian Frontier, p. 36.
129. Ibid., p. 35.
130. Rasky, The Polar Voyagers, p. 23.
131. Ibid.
132. Krasheninnikov, Explorations of Kamchatka, 1735-1741, p. 217.
133. Levin and Potapov, eds., The Peoples of Siberia, p. 807.
134. Ibid.
135. Lansdell, Through Siberia, p. 368.
136. Richard Johnson, in Hakluyt, The Principal Navigations, vol. 1, 284.
137. Krasheninnikov, op. cit., p. 188.
138. Czaplicka, Aboriginal Siberia, p. 312.
139. G. M. Vasilievich, “Early Concepts About the Universe Among the Evenks (Materials),” in Michael, ed., Studies in Siberian Shamanism, p. 68.
140. Ibid.
141. A. F. Anisimov, “Cosmological Concepts of the Peoples of the North,” in ibid., p. 212.
142. Krasheninnikov, op. cit. , p. 206.
143. Czaplicka, op. cit., p. 161.
144. A Handbook of Siberia and Arctic Russia, vol. 1, p.104.
145. Kennan, Tent Life in Siberia, p. 215.
146. Ibid., p. 14.
147. Levin and Potapov, op. cit., p. 13.
148. Utley, op. cit., p. 17.
149. Kennan, op. cit. , p. 276.
150. Ibid., p. 275.
151. Ibid., p. 253.
152. Ibid., p. 267.
153. Potapov and Levin, op. cit., p. 520.
154. Rasky, op. cit., p. 36.
155. Levin and Potapov, eds., op. cit., p. 269.
156. Ibid., p. 35.
157. Kennan, op. cit., p. 180.
158. Tupper, To the Great Ocean, p. 7n.
159. Levin and Potapov, op. cit., p. 157.
160. Gibson, op. cit., p. 46.
161. Ibid. , p. 47.
162. Pioneer Women, p. 187.
163. See Lantzeff and Pierce, Eastward to Empire, p.102.
164. See Lantzeff, Siberia in the Seventeenth Century, p. 180.
165. Czaplicka, op. cit., p. 70.
166. Krasheninnikov, op. cit., p. 266.
167. Ibid., p. 267.
168. Ibid., p. 283.
169. Ibid.
170. Bogaras, quoted in Czaplicka, op. cit. , p. 70.
171. Carl Heinrich Merck in Pierce, ed., Siberia and Northwestern America, 1788-1792, p. 27.
172. Treadgold, The Great Siberian Migration, p. 6.
173. Lantzeff, op. cit., p. 177.
174. Baring, The Russian People, p. 137.
175. Riha, ed., Readings in Russian Civilization, vol. 2, p. 147.
176. Aubry de la Mottraye, quoted in Urness, Bering’s First Expedition, pp. 1-2.
177. Fisher, Bering’s Voyages, p. 163.
178. Utley and Washburn, Indian Wars, p. 9.
179. Mirsky, To the Arctic!, p. 13.
180. Tracy, True Ocean Found, p. 61.
181. Ibid.
182. Hakiuyt, Principal Navigations, vol. 2, p. 334.
183. Rasky, The Polar Voyagers, p. 163.
184. Ibid.
185. Isbrand Ides, quoted in Urness, op. cit., p. 45.
186. Quoted in Barratt, op. cit., p. 9.
187. M. de Campredon, French ambassador at St. Petersburg, 1719-26, quoted in Barratt, Russia in Pacific Waters, 1715-1825, p. 48.
188. Quoted in Fisher, op. cit., p. 59.
189. Ibid.
190. Quoted in Urness, op. cit., p. 57.
191. Polevoi, in Starr, ed., Russia’s American Colony, p. 18.
192. Fisher, op. cit., p. 26.
193. Ibid., p. 29.
194. Quoted in Urness, op. cit., p. 44.
195. Quoted in ibid., p. 14.
196. Quoted in Golder, Bering’s Voyages, vol. 1, p. 9.
197. Quoted in Dmytryshyn, Vaughan, and Crownhart-Vaughan, eds. and trans., Russian Penetration of the North Pacific Ocean, 1700-1797, pp. 66-67.
198. Quoted in ibid., p. 69.
199. Golder, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 16.
200. Quoted in Urness, op. cit., p. 305.
201. Ibid., p. 306.
202. Barratt, op. cit., p. 5.
203. Ibid.
204. Dobell, Travels in Kamchatka and Siberia, vol. 1, p. 102.
205. Urness, op. cit., p. 308.
206. Ibid., p. 309.
207. Ibid., p. 312.
208. Ibid., p. 313.
209. Dmytryshyn, et al., op. cit., p. 85.
210. Quoted in Fisher, op. cit., p. 83.
211. Urness, op. cit., p. 316.
212. Ibid.
213. Dmytryshyn, et al., op. cit., p. 132.
214. Fisher, op. cit., p. 23.
215. Fisher, op. cit., p. 170.
216. Ibid., p. 158.
217. Fisher, Berings Voyages, p. 113.
218. Lauridsen, Vitus Bering, p. 92.
219. Kirilov, quoted in Fisher, op. cit., p. 184.
220. Quoted in ibid., p. 130.
221. Golder, Bering’s Voyages, vol. 1, p. 31.
222. Hulley, Alaska, p. 53.
223. Fisher, op. cit., p. 184.
224. Ibid. , p. 131.
225. Ibid., p. 75.
226. Dmytryshyn, Vaughan, and CrownhartVaughan, eds. and trans., Russian Penetration of the North Pacific Ocean, 1700-1797, p. 125.
227. Golder, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 154.
228. Urness, Bering’s First Expedition, p. 303.
229. Quoted in Barratt, op. cit., p. 24.
230. Golder, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 31.
231. Lauridsen, op. cit., p. 69.
232. Alaska. The Great Land, p. 22.
233. Lauridsen, op. cit., p. 69.
234. Barratt, Russia in Pacific Waters, 1715-1825, p. 38.
235. Lauridsen, op. cit., p. 70.
236. Stejneger, Georg Wilhelm Steller, p. 117.
237. Quoted in Lauridsen, op. cit., p. 209.
238. Barratt, op. cit., p. 33.
239. Ibid., p. 195.
240. Ibid., p. 196.
241. Krasheninnikov, quoted in Stejneger, op. cit., p. l17.
242. Ibid., p. 114
243. Ibid., p. l1l.
244. Lensen, The Russian Push Toward Japan, p. 46.
245. Golder, vol. 1, p. 13.
246. Lensen, op. cit., p. 46.
247. Lauridsen, op. cit., p. 100.
248. Quoted in Stejneger, op. cit., p. 120.
249. Ibid., p. 19.
250. Ibid.
251. Ibid., p. 25.
252. Quoted in ibid., p. 43.
253. Ibid., p. 83.
254. Ibid.
255. Golder, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 13.
256. Stejneger, op. cit., p. 392.
257. Quoted in ibid., p. 144.
258. Ibid., p. 145.
259. Quoted in ibid., pp. 146-48.
260. Ibid., p. 150.
261. Ibid., p. 169.
262. Ibid., p. 175.