14. K. Davies and F. Mojica, “Crazy About CRISPR: An Interview with Francisco Mojica,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 29–33, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2017.28999.int.
15. César Díez-Villaseñor, email, October 28, 2017.
16. F. J. M. Mojica et al., “Intervening Sequences of Regularly Spaced Prokaryotic Repeats Derive From Foreign Genetic Elements,” Journal of Molecular Evolution 60, (2005): 174–182, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00239-004-0046-3.
17. F. J. M. Mojica and F. Rodriguez-Valera, “The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria,” FEBS Journal 283, (2016): 3162–3169, https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/febs.13766.
18. C. Pourcel et al., “CRISPR elements in Yersinia pestis acquire new repeats by preferential uptake of bacteriophage DNA, and provide additional tools for evolutionary studies,” Microbiology 151, (2005): 653–663, https://mic.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.27437-0.
19. A. Bolotin et al., “Clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPRs) have spacers of extrachromosomal origin,” Microbiology 151, (2005): 2551–2661.
20. Philippe Horvath, interview, Vilnius, Lithuania, June 21, 2018.
21. K. Davies and R. Barrangou, “MasterChef at Work: An Interview with Rodolphe Barrangou,” CRISPR Journal 1, 219–222 (2018), https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2018.29015.int.
22. K. Davies and S. Moineau, “The Phage Whisperer: An Interview with Sylvain Moineau,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 363–366, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2018.29037.kda.
23. R. Barrangou et al., “CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes,” Science 315, (2007): 1709-1712, DOI: 10.1126/science.1138140.
24. Philippe Horvath, “New Hot Papers—2008,” Science Watch, July 2008, http://archive.sciencewatch.com/dr/nhp/2008/pdf/08julnhpHorvath.pdf.
Chapter 4: “Thelma and Louise”
1. Jennifer Kahn, “The CRISPR Quandary,” New York Times Magazine, November 9, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/magazine/the-crispr-quandary.html.
2. Colin Tudge, The Engineer in the Garden (New York: Hill and Wang, 1994).
3. Melissa Marino, “Biography of Jennifer A. Doudna,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, (2004): 16987–16989, https://www.pnas.org/content/101/49/16987.
4. Vic Myer, Keystone symposium, Banff, Canada, February 9, 2020.
5. K. Makarova et al., “A putative RNA-interference-based immune system in prokaryotes: computational analysis of the predicted enzymatic machinery, functional analogies with eukaryotic RNAi, and hypothetical mechanisms of action,” Biology Direct 1, (2006): 7, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1462988/.
6. Jennifer Doudna, “Jennifer Doudna on the future of gene editing,” Berkeley News, April 10, 2019, https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/04/10/berkeley-talks-transcript-jennifer-doudna-future-of-gene-editing/.
7. K. D. Seed et al., “A bacteriophage encodes its own CRISPR/Cas adaptive response to evade host innate immunity,” Nature 494, (2013): 489–491, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587790/.
8. B. Al-Shayeb et al., “Clades of huge phages from across Earth’s ecosystems,” Nature 578, (2013): 425–431, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2007-4.
9. Jill Banfield, in Human Nature, 2019, https://wondercollaborative.org/human-nature-documentary-film/.
10. Ross Wilson, interview, San Francisco, March 13, 2019.
11. B. Wiedenheft et al., “Structural basis for DNase activity of a conserved protein implicated in CRISPR-mediated genome defense,” Structure 17, (2009): 904–912, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2009.03.019.
12. Lisa Jarvis, “A day in the life of Jennifer Doudna,” Chemical & Engineering News, March 8, 2020, https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/gene-editing/A-day-with-Jennifer-Doudna-Trying-to-keep-up-with-one-of-the-world-most-sought-after-scientists/98/i9.
13. Press release, “Genentech announces vice president appointment in research,” January 21, 2009, https://www.gene.com/media/press-releases/11787/2009-01-21/genentech-announces-vice-president-appoi.
14. M. Jínek and J. A. Doudna, “A three-dimensional view of the molecular machinery of RNA interference,” Nature 457, (2009): 405–412, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature07755.
15. Katrin Koller, “You should always have something crazy cooking on the back burner,” BaseLaunch, October 17, 2017, https://www.baselaunch.ch/you-should-always-have-something-–crazy-cooking-on-the-back-burner-2/.
16. H. Deveau et al., “Phage Response to CRISPR-Encoded Resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus,” Journal of Bacteriology 190, (2008): 1390–1400, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2238228/.
17. F. J. M. Mojica et al., “Short Motif Sequences Determine the Targets of the Prokaryotic CRISPR Defence System,” Microbiology 155, (2009): 733740.
18. A. F. Andersson and J. F. Banfield, “Virus Population Dynamics and Acquired Virus Resistance in Natural Microbial Communities,” Science 320, (2008): 1047–1050, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/320/5879/1047.abstract.
19. S. J. J. Brouns et al., “Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes,” Science 321, (2008): 960–964, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5898235/.
20. Mark van der Meijs, “ ‘Without John van der Oost, CRISPR-Cas would never have become this big,’ ” Resource, June 19, 2019, https://resource.wur.nl/en/science/show/Without-John-van-der-Oost-CRISPR-Cas-would-never-have-become-this-big-.htm.