16. K. Davies and V. Siksnys, “From Restriction Enzymes to CRISPR: An Interview with Virginijus Siksnys,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 137–140, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2018.29008.vis.
17. G. Gasiunas et al., “Cas9–crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, (2012): E2579–E2586, https://www.pnas.org/content/109/39/E2579?iss=39.
18. Sarah Zhang, “The Battle Over Genome Editing Gets Science All Wrong,” WIRED, April 18, 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/10/battle-genome-editing-gets-science-wrong/.
19. R. Dahm, “Friedrich Miescher and the Discovery of DNA,” Developmental Biology 278, (2005); 274–288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.11.028.
20. Stuart Firestein, “Fundamentally Newsworthy,” The Edge.org, 2016, “Youtube, https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26718.
21. TEDx Talks, “O(ú)pravy lidské DNA | Martin Jínek | TEDx Třinec,” YouTube video, 21:07, last viewed June 26, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7kPcjD3PUU.
22. Jin-Soo Kim, email to Doudna and Charpentier, October 3, 2012. PTAB Interference 106048. UC exhibit 1558, https://acts.uspto.gov/ifiling/PublicView.jsp?identifier=106048.
23. George Church, email to Doudna, November 14, 2012. PTAB Interference 106048. UC exhibit 1559, https://acts.uspto.gov/ifiling/PublicView.jsp?identifier=106048.
24. Lisa Jarvis, “A day in the life of Jennifer Doudna,” Chemical & Engineering News, March 8, 2020, https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/gene-editing/A-day-with-Jennifer-Doudna-Trying-to-keep-up-with-one-of-the-world-most-sought-after-scientists/98/i9.
25. M. Jínek et al., “RNA programmed genome editing in human cells,” eLife 2, (2013): e00471. https://elifesciences.org/articles/00471.
26. Feng Zhang, email to Doudna, January 2, 2013, PTAB Interference 106048, UC exhibit 1620, https://acts.uspto.gov/ifiling/PublicView.jsp?identifier=106048.
Chapter 6: Field of Dreams
1. M. Boguski, “A Molecular Biologist Visits Jurassic Park,” BioTechniques 12, (1992): 668–669, http://markboguski.net/docs/publications/BioTechniques-1992.pdf.
2. Alice Park, “The editor of life’s building blocks,” Time, October 6, 2016, https://time.com/4518815/feng-zhang-next-generation-leaders/.
3. Carey Goldberg, “CRISPR Wizard Feng Zhang: The Making Of A Sunny Science Superstar,” WBUR, April 26, 2018, https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2018/04/26/feng-zhang-crispr-profile.
4. Ingfei Chen, “The beam of light that flips a switch that turns on the brain,” New York Times, August 14, 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/14/science/14brai.html.
5. John Colapinto, “Lighting the Brain,” New Yorker, May 18, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/18/lighting-the-brain.
6. Kerry Grens, “Feng Zhang: The Midas of Methods,” The Scientist, August 1, 2014, https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/40582/title/Feng-Zhang--The-Midas-of-Methods/.
7. F. Zhang, L. Cong et al., “Efficient construction of sequence-specific TAL effectors for modulating mammalian transcription,” Nature Biotechnology 29, (2011): 149–153, https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.1775.
8. Le Cong, phone interview, July 18, 2019.
9. Michael Gilmore, email, July 7, 2019.
10. K. L. Palmer and M. S. Gilmore, “Multidrug-resistant enterococci lack CRISPR-cas,” mBio (2010): 1:e00227–10, https://mbio.asm.org/content/1/4/e00227-10/article-info.
11. P. Horvath and R. Barrangou, “CRISPR/Cas, the Immune System of Bacteria and Archaea,” Science 327, (2010): 167–170, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/327/5962/167.long.
12. J. E. Garneau et al., “The CRISPR/Cas Bacterial Immune System Cleaves Bacteriophage and Plasmid DNA,” Nature 468, (2010): 67–71, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09523.
13. Broad Institute, https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/news/pdfs/BroadPriorityStatement.pdf.
14. MIT McGovern Institute, “Meet Feng Zhang,” YouTube video, 4:12, last viewed January 3, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjolOzkYNlk&t=.
15. Luciana Marraffini, personal communication, September 23, 2019.
16. D. Altshuler and D. Cowan, “Isogenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models of Human Disease Mutations,” Grant ID: R01-DK-097768, https://commonfund.nih.gov/TRA/recipients12.
17. Sharon Begley, “Meet one of the world’s most groundbreaking scientists. He’s 34.” STAT, November 6, 2015, https://www.statnews.com/2015/11/06/hollywood-inspired-scientist-rewrite-code-life/.
18. Amy Maxmen, “Easy DNA editing will remake the world. Buckle up,” WIRED, December 2015, https://www.wired.com/2015/07/crispr-dna-editing-2/.
19. Le Cong, phone interview, July 18, 2019.
20. Fei Ann Ran, interview, Boston, August 2, 2019.
21. TEDx Talks, “Inspired by nature: harnessing tools from microbes to engineer biology | Fei Ann Ran | TEDxVienna,” YouTube video, 15:55, last viewed November 10, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcD0G1-BPGE.
22. Fei Ann Ran, interview, Boston, August 2, 2019.
23. George Church, interview, Boston, August 2, 2019.
24. K. Davies and K. Esvelt, “Gene Drives, White-Footed Mice, and Black Sheep: An Interview with Kevin Esvelt,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 319–324, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2018.29031.kda.