29. Alex Philippidis, “Rejecting Broad Institute Opposition, EPO Affirms CRISPR Patent Issued to Charpentier, UC, and U. Vienna,” Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, February 10, 2020, https://www.genengnews.com/news/rejecting-broad-institute-opposition-epo-affirms-crispr-patent-issued-to-charpentier-uc-and-u-vienna/.
30. Hannah Kuchler, “Jennifer Doudna, CRISPR scientist, on the ethics of editing humans,” Financial Times, January 31, 2020, https://www.ft.com/content/6d063e48-4359-11ea-abea-0c7a29cd66fe.
31. Sharon Begley, “Fight for coveted CRISPR patents gets knottier, as MilliporeSigma makes new claims,” STAT Plus, July 22, 2019, https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/22/milliporesigma-crispr-patent-denial-challenge-university-california/.
32. Joe Stanganelli, “Interference: A CRISPR Patent Dispute Roadmap,” Bio-IT World, January 9, 2017, http://www.bio-itworld.com/2017/1/9/interference-a-crispr-patent-dispute-roadmap.aspx.
33. Jacob Sherkow, online interview, May 5, 2020.
Chapter 14: #CRISPRbabies
1. Marilynn Marchione, “AP Exclusive: US scientists try 1st gene editing in the body,” AP News, November 15, 2017, https://apnews.com/4ae98919b52e43d8a8960e0e260feb0a.
2. Aging Reversed, “AP—CRISPR babies in China,” YouTube video, 2:50, November 26, 2018, https://youtu.be/qUiNG1iW4Ww.
3. Jill Adams, “A conversation with Marilynn Marchione,” Open Notebook, June 25, 2019, https://www.theopennotebook.com/2019/06/25/storygram-marilynn-marchiones-chinese-researcher-claims-first-gene-edited-babies/#qanda.
4. Marilynn Marchione, email, July 25, 2019.
5. K. Musunuru, The Beagle Has Landed, December 7, 2018, https://beaglelanded.com/podcasts/kiran-musunuru/.
6. Antonio Regalado, Precision Medicine & Society Conference, Columbia University, April 24, 2019.
7. Hank Greely, TRI-CON, San Francisco, March 3, 2020.
8. M. Araki and T. Ishii, “International regulatory landscape and integration of corrective genome editing into in vitro fertilization,” Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 12, (2014): 108, https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-12-108.
9. Cody Sheehy, “A Unique Partnership: Code of the Wild,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 135–136, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2018.29009.csh.
10. Antonio Regalado, “Years before CRISPR babies, this man was the first to edit human embryos,” MIT Technology Review, December 11, 2018, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612554/years-before-crispr-babies-this-man-was-the-first-to-edit-human-embryos/.
11. E. Lanphier et al., “Don’t Edit the Human Germline,” Nature, March 12, 2015, https://www.nature.com/news/don-t-edit-the-human-germ-line-1.17111.
12. P. Liang et al., “CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human tripronuclear zygotes,” Protein & Cell 6, (2015): 363–372, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4417674/.
13. Samira Kiani, phone interview, January 29, 2019.
14. He Jiankui, “Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of gene editing with human embryo CCR5 gene,” Chinese Clinical Trial registry, November 8, 2018 (withdrawn November 30, 2018), http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=32758.
15. Nie Jing-Bao, “He Jiankui’s genetic misadventure: Why him? Why China?,” Hastings Center, December 5, 2018, https://www.thehastingscenter.org/jiankuis-genetic-misadventure-china/. (Additional translation courtesy of Nicholas Shadid.)
16. Antonio Regalado, “Exclusive: Chinese scientists are creating CRISPR babies,” MIT Technology Review, November 25, 2018, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612458/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies/.
17. Marilynn Marchione, “Chinese researcher claims first gene-edited babies,” Associated Press, November 26, 2018, https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d.
18. The He Lab, “About Lulu and Nana: Twin Girls Born Healthy After Gene Surgery As Single-Cell Embryos,” YouTube video, 4:43, last viewed June 30, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th0vnOmFltc.
19. Living MacTavish, “In Conversation With Scientist and CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna,” YouTube video, 47:30, November 30, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVoPRSPEpvU&list=PLdT7Y4C6bsoSUdt2PB1NQlVQgKULTARXk&index=47&t=1898s.
20. Paul Knoepfler, TEDx Vienna, October 2015, https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_knoepfler_the_ethical_dilemma_of_designer_babies?language=en.
21. University of California Television, “Jennifer Doudna in Conversation with Joe Palca,” YouTube video, 58:54, last viewed June 30, 2020, https://youtu.be/0nMbNPb3CLc.
22. Pam Belluck, “How to stop rogue gene-editing of human embryos?,” New York Times, January 23, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/23/health/gene-editing-babies-crispr.html.
Chapter 15: The Boy from Xinhua
1. Yangyang Cheng, “Brave new world with Chinese characteristics,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, December 21, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/12/brave-new-world-with-chinese-characteristics/.
2. Zoe Low, “China’s gene editing Frankenstein He Jiankui, dubbed ‘mad genius’ by colleagues, had early dreams of becoming Chinese Einstein,” South China Morning Post, November 27, 2018, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2175267/chinas-gene-editing-frankenstein-dubbed-mad-genius-colleagues-had.
3. Yangyang Cheng, “Brave new world with Chinese characteristics,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, December 21, 2018, https://thebulletin.org/2018/12/brave-new-world-with-chinese-characteristics/.