9. Antonio Regalado, “China’s CRISPR twins might have had their brains inadvertently enhanced,” MIT Technology Review, February 21, 2019, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612997/the-crispr-twins-had-their-brains-altered/.
10. M. T. Joy et al., “CCR5 Is a Therapeutic Target for Recovery after Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury,” Cell 176, (2019): 1143–1157, https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(19)30107-2.pdf.
11. X. Wei and R. Nielsen, “Retraction Note: CCR5-∆32 is deleterious in the homozygous state in humans,” Nature Medicine 25, (2019): 1796, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-019-0637-6.
12. Rebecca Robbins, “Major error undermines study suggesting change introduced in the CRISPR babies experiment shortens lives,” STAT, September 27, 2019, https://www.statnews.com/2019/09/27/major-error-undermines-study-suggesting-change-introduced-in-the-crispr-babies-experiment-shortens-lives/.
13. George Church, interview, Boston, August 3, 2019.
14. Dominic Wilkinson in Editorial, “CRISPR-Cas9: a world first?,” Lancet, December 8, 2018, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)33111-8/fulltext.
15. Arthur Caplan, “He Jiankui’s Moral Mess,” PLOS Biologue (blog), December 3, 2018, https://blogs.plos.org/biologue/2018/12/03/he-jiankuis-moral-mess/.
16. J. B. Hurlbut, “Imperatives of Governance: Human Genome Editing and the Problem of Progress,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63, (2020): 177–194, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/748059/pdf.
17. Hank Greely, “How can we decide if a biomedical advance is ethical?,” Leapsmag, February 1, 2019, https://leapsmag.com/how-can-we-decide-if-a-biomedical-advance-is-ethical/.
18. Pam Belluck, “Gene-edited babies: What a Chinese scientist told an American mentor,” New York Times, April 14, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/14/health/gene-editing-babies.html.
19. Pam Belluck, “Stanford Clears Professor of Helping With Gene-Edited Babies Experiment,” New York Times, April 16, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/16/health/stanford-gene-editing-babies.html.
20. Alex Lash, “ ‘JK told me he was planning this’: A CRISPR baby Q&A with Matt Porteus,” Xconomy, December 4, 2018, https://xconomy.com/national/2018/12/04/jk-told-me-he-was-planning-this-a-crispr-baby-qa-with-matt-porteus/?single_page=true.
21. Mark DeWitt, phone interview, July 2, 2019.
22. Candice Choi and Marilynn Marchione, “US Nobelist was told of gene-edited babies, Emails show,” US News, January 28, 2019, https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2019-01-28/chinese-scientist-told-us-nobelist-about-gene-edited-babies.
23. Hannah Osborne, “China’s He Jiankui told Nobel winner Craig Mello about gene-edited babies months before birth,” Newsweek, January 30, 2019, https://www.newsweek.com/craig-mello-he-jiankui-gene-editing-experiment-babies-nobel-prize-1311524.
24. N. Wade, “In new way to edit DNA, hope for treating disease,” New York Times, December 28, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/29/health/research/29zinc.html.
25. Michael Specter, “The Gene Hackers,” New Yorker, November 9, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/16/the-gene-hackers.
26. Ibid.
27. D. Baltimore et al., “A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification,” Science 348, (2015): 36–38, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394183/.
28. Jennifer Kahn, “The Crispr Quandary,” New York Times Magazine, November 9, 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/magazine/the-crispr-quandary.html.
29. R. Pollack, “Eugenics lurk in the shadow of CRISPR,” Science 348, (2015): 871, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6237/871.1.full.
30. H. Miller, “Germline gene therapy: We’re ready,” Science 348, (2015): 1325, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/348/6241/1325.1.
31. David Baltimore, “Why we need a summit on human gene editing,” Issues in Science and Technology, Spring 2016, https://issues.org/why-we-need-a-summit-on-human-gene-editing/.
32. B. Baker, “The ethics of changing the human genome,” Bioscience 66, (2016): 267–273, https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/66/4/267/2464097.
33. C. Brokowski, “Do CRISPR germline editing statements cut it?,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 115125, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2017.0024.
34. John Holdren, “A note on genome editing,” The White House, May 26, 2015, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/05/26/note-genome-editing.
35. NASEM, Human Genome Editing: Science, Ethics and Governance (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2017), https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24623/human-genome-editing-science-ethics-and-governance.
36. J. B. Hurlbut, “Imperatives of Governance: Human Genome Editing and the Problem of Progress,” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63, (2020): 177–194, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/748059/pdf.
37. C. Brokowski, “Do CRISPR germline editing statements cut it?,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 115125, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/crispr.2017.0024.
38. “Genome editing and human reproduction: social and ethical issues,” Nuffield Council on Bioethics, July 17, 2018, http://nuffieldbioethics.org/wp-content/uploads/Genome-editing-and-human-reproduction-FINAL-website.pdf.