39. Editorial, “Genome editing: proceed with caution,” Lancet 392, (2018): 253, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31653-2/fulltext.
40. Sarah Chan, 2nd International Human Genome Editing Summit, Hong Kong, November 28, 2018.
41. Michael Specter, “He Jiankui and the implications of experimenting with genetically edited babies,” New Yorker, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/he-jiankui-and-the-implications-of-experimenting-with-genetically-edited-babies.
42. Julianna LeMieux, “He Jiankui’s Germline Editing Ethics Article Retracted by The CRISPR Journal,” Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, February 20, 2019, https://www.genengnews.com/insights/he-jiankuis-germline-editing-ethics-article-retracted-by-the-crispr-journal/.
43. National Academies Genome Editing commission, http://nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/international-commission/index.htm.
44. Andrew Joseph, “Following ‘CRISPR babies’ scandal, senators call for international gene editing guidelines,” STAT, July 16, 2019, https://www.statnews.com/2019/07/15/crispr-scandal-senators-guidelines/.
45. Rob Stein, “New U.S. Experiments Aim to Create Gene-Edited Human Embryos,” NPR, February 1, 2019, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/02/01/689623550/new-u-s-experiments-aim-to-create-gene-edited-human-embryos.
46. Jon Cohen, “ ‘I feel an obligation to be balanced.’ Noted biologist comes to defense of gene editing babies,” Science, November 28, 2018, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/11/i-feel-obligation-be-balanced-noted-biologist-comes-defense-gene-editing-babies.
47. Samira Kiana, phone interview, January 30, 2019.
Chapter 19: Going Rogue
1. Antonio Regalado, “China’s CRISPR babies: Read exclusive excerpts from the unseen original research,” MIT Technology Review, December 2, 2019, https://www.technologyreview.com/f/614779/chinas-crispr-babies-read-exclusive-excerpts-from-the-unseen-original-research/.
2. NAS Colloquium, “Fyodor Urnov: The next generation of edited humans,” YouTube video, 25:53, last viewed March 2, 2020, https://youtu.be/XzSWVzRSfnYt.
3. Ibid.
4. Editorial, “Brave new dialogue,” Nature Genetics 51, (2019): 365, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-019-0374-2.
5. “Chinese court sentences ‘gene-editing’ scientist to three years in prison,” Reuters, December 29, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-babies/chinese-court-sentences-gene-editing-scientist-to-three-years-in-prison-idUSKBN1YY06R.
6. Hannah Osborne, “Chinese scientist He Jiankui jailed for creating world’s first gene edited babies ‘in the pursuit of personal fame and gain,’ ” Newsweek, December 30, 2019, https://www.newsweek.com/he-jiankui-jailed-gene-editing-1479614.
7. Ken Moritsugu, “China convicts 3 researchers involved in gene-edited babies,” AP, December 30, 2019, https://apnews.com/7bf5ad48696d24628e49254df504e3ee.
8. Dennis Normille, “Chinese scientist who produced genetically altered babies sentenced to 3 years in jail,” Science, December 30, 2019, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/12/chinese-scientist-who-produced-genetically-altered-babies-sentenced-3-years-jail.
9. Josiah Zayner, “CRISPR babies scientist He Jiankui should not be villainized—or headed to prison,” STAT, January 2, 2020, https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/02/crispr-babies-scientist-he-jiankui-should-not-be-villainized/.
10. Eric Topol, “Editing Babies? We Need to Learn a Lot More First,” New York Times, November 27, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/27/opinion/genetically-edited-babies-china.html.
11. Jane Qiu, “Chinese government funding may have been used for ‘CRISPR babies’ project, documents suggest,” STAT, February 25, 2019, https://www.statnews.com/2019/02/25/crispr-babies-study-china-government-funding/.
12. X. Zhai et al., “Chinese Bioethicists Respond to the Case of He Jiankui,” Hastings Center, February 7, 2019, https://www.thehastingscenter.org/chinese-bioethicists-respond-case-jiankui/.
13. Steve Lombardi, phone interview, July 23, 2019.
14. George Church, interview, Boston, August 3, 2019.
15. Michael Specter, “The gene factory,” New Yorker, December 30, 2013, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/01/06/the-gene-factory.
16. Steven Lee Myers, “China’s Moon Landing: Lunar Rover Begins Its Exploration,” New York Times, January 3, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/world/asia/china-change-4-moon.html.
17. Preetika Rana, Amy Dockser Marcus, and Wenxin Fan, “China, unhampered by rules, races ahead in gene-editing trials,” Wall Street Journal, January 21, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-unhampered-by-rules-races-ahead-in-gene-editing-trials-1516562360.
18. Rob Stein, “First U.S. patients treated with CRISPR as human gene-editing experiments get underway,” NPR, April 16, 2019, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/04/16/712402435/first-u-s-patients-treated-with-crispr-as-gene-editing-human-trials-get-underway.
19. Yangyang Cheng, “China will always be bad at bioethics,” Foreign Policy, April 13, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/13/china-will-always-be-bad-at-bioethics/.