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22. Amy Dockser Marcus, “Meet the Scientists Bringing Extinct Species Back from the Dead,” Wall Street Journal, October 11, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/meet-the-scientists-bringing-extinct-species-back-from-the-dead-1539093600.

23. Ibid.

24. Charles Q. Choi, “First extinct-animal clone created,” National Geographic, February 10, 2009, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2009/02/news-bucardo-pyrenean-ibex-deextinction-cloning/.

25. Timothy Winegard, “People v mosquitoes: what to do about our biggest killer,” Guardian, September 20, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/20/man-v-mosquito-biggest-killer-malaria-crispr.

26. E. Tognotti, “Program to eradicate Malaria in Sardinia, 1946–1950,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 15, (2009): 1460–1466, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819864/.

27. K. Davies and K. M. Esvelt, “Gene Drives, White-Footed Mice, and Black Sheep: An Interview with Kevin Esvelt,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 319–324, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/crispr.2018.29031.kda.

28. K. M. Esvelt et al., “A system for the continuous directed evolution of biomolecules,” Nature 472, (2011): 499–503, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084352/.

29. A. Burt, “Site-specific selfish genes as tools for the control and genetic engineering of natural populations,” Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences 270, (2003): 921–928, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691325/.

30. N. Windbichler et al., “A synthetic homing endonuclease-based gene drive system in the human malaria mosquito,” Nature 473, (2011): 212–215, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093433/.

31. K. M. Esvelt et al., “Emerging technology: Concerning RNA-guided gene drives for the alteration of wild populations,” eLife 3, (2014): e03401, https://elifesciences.org/articles/03401.

32. V. Gantz et al., “Highly efficient Cas9-mediated gene drive for population modification of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112, (2015): E67366743, https://www.pnas.org/content/112/49/E6736.

33. A. Hammond et al., “A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive system targeting female reproduction in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae,” Nature Biotechnology 34, (2016): 78–83, https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3439.

34. Kevin M. Esvelt, “Gene drive should be a nonprofit technology,” STAT, November 27, 2018, https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/27/gene-drive-should-be-nonprofit-technology/.

35. Sharon Begley, “In a lab pushing the boundaries of biology, an embedded ethicist keeps scientists in check,” STAT, February 23, 2017, https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/23/bioethics-harvard-george-church/.

36. K. Kyrou et al., “A CRISPR–Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes,” Nature Biotechnology 36, (2018): 1062–1066, https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4245.

37. Anna Pujol-Mazzini, “ ‘We don’t want to be guinea pigs’: How one African community is fighting genetically modified mosquitoes,” Telegraph, October 8, 2019, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/dont-want-guinea-pigs-one-african-community-fighting-genetically/.

38. Martin Fletcher, “Mutant mosquitoes: Can gene editing kill off malaria?,” Telegraph, August 11, 2018, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/mutant-mosquitoes-can-gene-editing-kill-malaria/.

39. Feng Zhang, CRISPRcon, Boston, June 4, 2018.

40. J. E. DiCarlo et al., “Safeguarding CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives in yeast,” Nature Biotechnology 33, (2015): 1250–1255, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4675690/.

41. Michael Eisenstein, “A toolbox for keeping CRISPR in check,” Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, July 11, 2019, https://www.genengnews.com/insights/a-toolbox-for-keeping-crispr-in-check/.

42. B. Maji et al., “A High-Throughput Platform to Identify Small-Molecule Inhibitors of CRISPR-Cas9,” Cell 177, (2019): 1067–1079, https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(19)30395-2.pdf.

43. Julianna LeMieux, “CRISPR-accelerated gene drives pump the brakes,” Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, July 1, 2019, https://www.genengnews.com/topics/genome-editing/crispr-accelerated-gene-drives-pump-the-brakes/.

44. “Synthetic Biology,” Convention on Biological Diversity, November 28, 2018, https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/2c62/5569/004e9c7a6b2a00641c3af0eb/cop-14-l-31-en.pdf.

45. Nicholas Wade, “Giving Malaria a Deadline,” New York Times, September 24, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/24/science/gene-drive-mosquitoes.html.

46. Martin Fletcher, “Mutant mosquitoes: Can gene editing kill off malaria?,” Telegraph, August 11, 2018, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/mutant-mosquitoes-can-gene-editing-kill-malaria/.

47. K. Davies and K. M. Esvelt, “Gene Drives, White-Footed Mice, and Black Sheep: An Interview with Kevin Esvelt,” CRISPR Journal 1, (2018): 319–324, https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/crispr.2018.29031.kda.

48. J. Buchtal et al., “Mice against ticks: an experimental community-guided effort to prevent tick-borne disease by altering the shared environment,” Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences 374, (2019): 20180105, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6452264/.