Brockman, John, 95
Brockman, Max, 95
Brouns, Stan, 55, 67
Brown, Clive, xv, 307
Brown, Louise, 217, 259, 362
Brown, Timothy Ray, 118–119
Brown University, 108
“Bubble boy disease,” 116, 160–161
Buchthal, Joanna, 297
Buffalo News, 18
Bug’s Life, A, 114
Burns, Ken, xi, 354
Burt, Austin, 289, 292–294, 296
Butte, Atul, 208
C
Cahill, Tom, 366
Caixia, Gao, 307, 309
Calyxt, 301–320
Cambridge University, xv, 52
Cameron, Edwin, 258
Cameron, Jo, 342
Campbell, Keith, 301
Cancer
blood cancers, 266
breast cancer, xiii–xiv, 138, 224, 340, 351
liver cancer, 266
lung cancer, 266
mutations and, 261
prostate cancer, 266
vaccine for, 346
Cancer genes, xiii–xiv, 138, 224, 340, 351
Cancer immunotherapy, 89, 166
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), 310
Cannon, Shakir, 151–153
Cantor, Eddie, 311
Capecchi, Mario, 97, 106–107
Caplan, Art, 250
Cardiomyopathy, 208, 223
Cardiovascular disease, 331, 345
Carpenter, Anne, 94
Carreyrou, John, 101
Carroll, Dana, 68, 113–114, 183–185, 222, 253, 361
Carroll, Lewis, 108
CAR-T therapy, 13, 150, 151, 162, 167
Carter, Jimmy, 162
Casey Eye Institute, 172
Cate, Jamie, 8, 49
Cattle, 317
Cavendish Laboratory, 154
CCR5, 116–119, 199–202, 221, 226, 229, 235–250, 261–262, 265, 269, 275, 318, 343–344
CD4, 117
Cech, Tom, 49, 52
Celera Genomics, xiv, 17, 18, 91
Cell, 69–71, 92, 117
Cell Reports, 70
Cellectis, 106, 119, 308
Cells
cell division, 40, 146, 177, 263, 318, 346
chromosomes in, xi
DNA in, xi
mutations in, 318, 334
Center for Advanced Retinal and Ocular Therapeutics (CAROT), 151
Center for Bioethics, 267
Chan, Priscilla, 95
Chan, Sarah, 257
Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan “Chandra,” 113, 116
Charo, Alta, ix, 232–233, 253, 256
Charpentier, Emmanuelle, xi–xii, xvi, 7–9, 13, 21, 57–67, 70–73, 84, 88, 91–98, 105–106, 170–171, 179–190, 238, 254, 272
Cheers, 90
ChemChina, 302, 314
Chemical & Engineering News, 164
Chen, Elsie, 242
Chen, Janice, 100, 101
Chen, Nathan, 100
Cheng, Feifei, 227
Cheng, Yangyang, 267, 268
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), 149
Chilton, Mary-Dell, 303–304
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 238
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 226, 232, 266–267, 275, 307, 319
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 233
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, 201, 203
Chiron, 111
Choudhary, Amit, 102, 295–296
Choulika, André, 119
Chromosomes
in cells, xi
ends of, 183, 288
fusing, xv
pairs of, xi, 17, 26, 309
protection of, 183
sex chromosome, 294
X chromosome, 176, 348
Y chromosome, 234
Chu, Steven, 78
Church, George, xii, xv, 15, 21, 73–74, 79–80, 85–89, 94–98, 161, 171, 185, 195–196, 221, 246, 250, 253, 259, 263, 266, 273, 279–285, 288–292, 295, 343, 348–349, 353–353, 357
Church lab, 86–87, 89, 279–282
Churchill, Winston, 349
Chyliński, Krzysztof, 63–64, 66, 71, 97, 180
Clapper, James, 11
Clarke, Emilia, 166, 244
Cline, Martin, 136–137
Clinton, Bill, 17, 18, 46, 353
Cloning, 204, 223, 267, 285, 289, 301, 312, 355
Clooney, George, 279
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), xi–xii. See also CRISPR
Codons, 73, 77, 82, 113, 172
Cognitive Genomics project, 210, 350
Cohen, Ariel, 160
Cohen, Eliana, 158, 160
Cohen, Shani, 158, 160
Cohn, Irving, 311
Cokley, Rebecca, 358–359
Colbert, Stephen, 281
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 220, 226, 240, 258, 305, 333
Collins, Francis, xiii, xiv, 15, 17–18, 138, 156, 158, 191, 238, 273, 331, 356, 362
Collins, Susan, 11
Columbia University, 58, 72, 102, 123, 215, 254, 258, 332
Comfort, Nathaniel, 93
Complete Genomics, 210
Computerworld, 80
Cong, Le, 79–87, 94, 185, 188
Connor, Steve, 223
Cook-Deegan, Robert, 183
Cool, 70
Cooper, Bradley, 166
Copeland, Rob, 366
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 130
Corey, E. J., 323
Cornell Medical Center, 340
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 6, 22, 29–30, 100–101, 178, 215–216, 240, 343–344, 364–366
Corteva, 186, 302, 309, 314
Costolo, Dick, 95
Cowan, Chad, 89
Cowell, Simon, 147
Crack in Creation, A, 95
Cracking the Genome, xiv
Cramer, Jim, 120
Cravatt, Ben, 366
Crichton, Michael, 76–77, 132
Crick, Francis, 7, 48, 60, 66, 78, 92, 123–125, 131–133, 181, 222, 367
Crick, Kindra, 367
Crick, Michael, 124–126
Crick, Odile, 126, 367
Crick Institute, 222, 234
Crisanti, Andrea, 292–294, 296
CRISPR
array, 22–27, 23, 34, 43–44, 50, 50–51, 61, 69, 73, 84
bacteria and, 22–28, 23
benefits of, xii–xviii, 6–16
breakthrough with, xii, 6–7, 35, 39–42, 97
classes of, 24, 24–25
description of, ix–xii, 3–5, 20
editing process, xii
explanation of, ix–xii, 3–7
fears about, ix–x, 14–16, 177–178, 295–296, 358–359
genetic code and, x–xviii, 21
genome editing and, 19–21, 28–29, 54–56, 105–122, 289
human DNA and, xii
impact of, 5–16
patent applications, 43–44, 56, 92–93, 171, 181–190
safety with, 177–178
term for, 33
types of systems, 56–57
uses for, x–xviii
viruses and, xi–xii, 22–27
CRISPR babies, x–xviii, 5, 14–16, 193–205, 214, 230–253, 257–264, 269–276, 338, 354–356. See also Babies
“CRISPR Craze,” xi–xiii, 3–16
CRISPR Generation, The, 262
CRISPR Journal, xvii, 21, 152, 248, 257
“CRISPR Quandary, The,” 46
CRISPR RNA (crRNA), 23, 28, 61–65, 85, 186. See also RNA
CRISPR sequencing, 41–42
CRISPR Therapeutics, 13, 169–170
CRISPR therapy, 167, 363
CRISPR-Cas9. See also CRISPR
cutting actions of, 26–28, 28
DNA and, 21–26, 24
“invention” of, 179–180
RNA and, 23–25, 28, 28–29
role of, 21–25, 27, 55–56, 63
types of, 24, 24–26, 98–99
Crops, 301–315, 319–320
Cross, Ryan, 145
Crossley, Merlin, 153, 168
Crowley, John, 163
Crystal, Ron, 164
Culver, Kenneth, 139
Cura Foundation, 12
Cure Rare Disease, 363
Cutshall, Cynthia, 139–140
CVC, 180–190
CXCR4, 117, 118
Cystic fibrosis, xiii, 163, 231, 248, 322, 334, 337, 339, 354
Czechowicz, Agnieszka, 329
D
Da Vinci, Leonardo, xviii, 279
Daley, George, 233–234, 240–241, 253, 265, 273
Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 157
Danisco, 39, 41–45, 54, 57, 81, 180
Danson, Ted, 90
Darwin, Charles, 92, 130, 291, 298
Darwin Life, 214
Davidson, Alan, 101
Davies, Dame Kay, 258
De Jong, Pieter, 18
De Silva, Ashanthi, 139–140
Dean, Michael, 118