Decoding Annie Parker, 138
Deem, Michael, 195, 207, 209, 212, 219, 226, 228, 240, 251, 253, 261, 266
“Defense mechanism,” 32, 38, 51, 63
“Definitely Maybe,” 90
Deisseroth, Karl, 78
Delbrück, Max, 125, 127
Deltcheva, Elitza, 63
Dementia, xvii, 217, 344–345
Dench, Judi, 349
Dengue fever, 101, 289, 294
Designated Survivor, 6
Designer babies, xvii–xviii, 5, 11, 204, 215, 223, 341, 348. See also Babies
Desimone, Bob, 80, 92
Deveau, Hélène, 44
Dewey-Hagborg, Heather, 357
DeWitt, Mark, 220, 227–229, 251–252
D’Hérelle, Félix, 162
Diabaté, Abdoulaye, 294
Diabetes, xi, xii, xiv, 18, 79, 84, 111, 129, 336, 344–345, 350–351
Diamond, John, xiv
Diaz, Cameron, xvi, 95
Dickens, Charles, 108
Dickler, Howard, 298
Díez-Villaseñor, César, 36–37
Digital babies, 338. See also Babies
Dinoire, Isabelle, 360
Dinosaurs, 76–77, 124
Direct Genomics, 211–212, 219, 225–227, 230, 242–243, 252
Disease genes
editing, xii, 222, 256
identifying, xiii–xiv, 138–140
mapping, xiii–xiv, 138
transmission of, 339
Diseases/disorders
AIDS, 117–118, 173, 215–216, 226, 246, 251, 310
Alzheimer’s disease, 12, 80, 164, 269, 280, 344–345
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 15, 159
Angelman syndrome, 85
ataxia telangiectasia, 363
autism, 79, 80, 157
Batten disease, 363
Becker muscular dystrophy, 176
beta thalassemia, 120, 136, 152, 155–157, 169–170, 197
blood diseases, xvii–xviii, 16, 114, 120, 136, 156, 164
“bubble boy disease,” 116, 160–161
cardiomyopathy, 208, 223
cardiovascular disease, 331, 345
common diseases, xi, xii, xiv
curing, 336
cystic fibrosis, xiii, 163, 231, 248, 322, 334, 337, 339, 354
dementia, xvii, 217, 344–345
dengue fever, 101, 289, 294
diabetes, xi, xii, xiv, 18, 79, 84, 111, 129, 336, 344–345, 350–351
Down syndrome, 209, 322, 358
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, xiii, 138, 175–176, 363
dwarfism, 359
heart disease, xi, xii, xiv, 223, 331, 345, 350, 351
hemochromatosis, 90, 329
hemophilia, xviii, 114, 120, 136, 164
hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, 156–157
HIV, 5, 105, 116–119, 122, 146, 173, 199–202, 215–216, 225–228, 232–236, 244–251, 261–262, 269, 344
Hunter syndrome, 120–122, 193
Huntington’s disease, xi, 49, 122, 175, 322, 339, 350, 354
Hurler syndrome, 120
hypertension, 18, 345
hyperthymesia, 343
identifying, 138–140
Leber’s congenital amaurosis, 147–151, 172–173, 176
Leigh syndrome, 213, 214
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 135
Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 347
liver disease, 175
Lyme disease, 289, 294, 297–298
malaria, xviii, 153–154, 171, 288–298
Marfan syndrome, 321
Mendelian diseases, xiv, 145, 161, 178, 289, 292
mental illness, xii, xiv, 348
multiple sclerosis, 173
muscular dystrophy, xi, xiii, xviii, 138, 159, 163, 175–176, 247, 363
mutations and, 5, 12, 118, 157, 175–176, 227, 247, 261, 322, 334–335, 347
myotubular myopathy, 164
obesity, 307, 314, 345, 350–351
ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, 141–144
progeria, 330
recessive disorders, xiv, 139, 152, 337–340
schizophrenia, 78–80, 280, 336, 348
severe combined immunodeficiency, 114, 116, 139, 144, 151–154, 160–161
sickle-cell disease, xvi–xviii, 11–12, 25, 114, 120, 136, 138, 152, 156, 158, 168–169, 322
spinal muscular atrophy, 151, 158–159
Tay-Sachs disease, 164, 322, 334
transthyretin amyloidosis, 175
yellow fever, 294
Disney, 114
DNA. See also Genes
advances in, xv–xvi
bacteria and, 22, 22–27
in cells, xi
cleaving, 24, 43, 56–57, 66–68, 81–82, 177, 182–186, 322, 327–328
cutting, xii, 7, 20–21, 24, 26–29, 28, 45, 55, 65, 69, 99–100, 112–113, 180, 296, 324
double helix, xvi, 7, 18, 26–28, 47–48, 60, 68, 100, 123–130, 154–155, 227, 280, 327–328, 333–334, 355, 362, 367
editing, xii, xvi, 18–21, 281
father of, 71
mapping, 5, 15
modifying, 14–15
mutations in, 28, 303
reading, xv–xvi, 281
repairing, 27–29, 33–34, 50, 108, 116, 177, 224, 276, 292, 306–307, 327–328, 338
strands of, 107–108, 327
structure of, 47–48, 126
viruses and, xii, 22–27
writing, xv–xvi, 281
DNA alphabet, xi, xvi, 17, 25, 68, 130, 323, 334
DNA crystals, 47–48, 125
DNA sequences. See also Genome editing
custom sequences, 102, 281, 347
cutting, 7, 26, 66, 112
dinosaurs and, 76–77
editing, xii, 4–7, 19–21, 73–77, 82, 113–116, 235–236, 248, 345
engineering, 4–7
expansion of, 175
matches for, 60–61
recognizing, 25–26, 32–34, 49–50, 111–114, 262, 327
repairing, 167–168
repetitive sequences, 23, 32–42, 50, 50–51, 55, 175, 322
targeting, 25–26, 327
tracing, 49–50, 235–236
views on, xiv–xv
DNA sequencing. See also Genome sequencing
automated sequencing, 17–18, 279
CRISPR sequencing and, 41–42
invention of, 129, 155
new technology for, xv, 4–5, 19–21, 31–33, 41–42, 73, 209, 353–354
of newborn baby, xv
progress in, 17–21, 31–33, 72–73, 209, 212, 279–281, 353–354
sponsored sequencing, 281
views on, xiv–xv
DNA surgery, 63–75
Dobbs, David, 147
“Don’t Edit the Human Germline,” 197
Doomsday Clock, 5
Double helix. See also DNA
anniversary of, 362
assembly of, 18, 60, 123–125, 154–155
description of, 68
discovery of, 7, 18, 123–130
glimpse of, 125–126
rungs of, 280
strands of, 26–28, 28, 100, 124–130, 327–328, 333–334
structure of, 26–28, 28, 47–48, 100, 124–130, 227, 327–328, 333–334, 355
symmetry of, 47–48
unzipping, 26–28, 28, 130, 327–328, 367
Double Helix, The, 47–48, 108, 126
Doudna, Andrew, 10
Doudna, Jennifer, x–xii, xvi, 7–10, 13, 21, 29, 46–67, 70–74, 84, 87–106, 170–189, 200–205, 220–224, 232–237, 240–243, 247, 253–254, 264, 273, 302, 324–326, 330, 335, 346, 363–367
Dow-DuPont, 186, 314
Down syndrome, 209, 322, 358
Dozy, Andrée, 155
Dragon’s Island, 124
Drayna, Dennis, 90
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), xiii, 138, 175–176, 363
Dulbecco, Renato, 135
DuPont, 45, 186, 314
Dwarfism, 359
E
E. coli, 22, 33–39, 44, 55–56, 67, 69
Eckert, Maria, 60
Economist, xi, xii
Edgware General Hospital, 216
Edison, Thomas, 97
Editas Medicine, 11, 13, 89, 169, 171–174, 182, 186–188, 308, 336, 361
Edwards, Robert, 15, 216–218, 232–233, 260–261
Efcavitch, Bill, 212
eGenesis, 281–283, 318
Eggleston, Angela, 328
Egli, Dieter, 215, 258, 276
Einstein, Albert, 7, 97
Eisen, Michael, 93
Ekker, Stephen, 240
El País, 31
Elf, Johan, 27
Eli Lilly, 110
Eliava, George, 162
Eliava Institute, 163
eLife, 74, 87, 88
Embryo experiments, ix–xi, 4–6, 14–15, 193–206, 211–229, 238, 243–246, 253–258, 261–276, 338–341, 348–355
Embryo fertilization, 194–198, 214–215, 222, 338–340, 351–356. See also In vitro fertilization