Two classic essays on education and social stratification are Max Weber, “The Typological Position of Confucian Education” and “The ‘Rationalization’ of Education and Training,” in H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (eds. and trans.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, new ed. (1991, reprinted 1998). Randall Collins, The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification (1979), applies Weber’s ideas on cultural capital. Global standardization of curricula is discussed in John W. Meyer, David H. Kamens, and Aaron Benavot, School Knowledge for the Masses: World Models and National Primary Curricular Categories in the Twentieth Century (1992). A collection of essays that examines the impact of globalization on schooling is Robert F. Arnove and Carlos Alberto Torres (eds.),
Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local, 3rd ed. (2007). Bradley A.U. Levinson, We Are All Equaclass="underline" Student Culture and Identity at a Mexican Secondary School, 1988–1998 (2001), examines an egalitarian national ideology. Three of John Dewey’s most significant writings on education (School and Society, Schools of Tomorrow, and Democracy in Education) are contained in Spencer J. Maxcy (ed.), John Dewey and American Education, 3 vol. (2002). Discussion of emancipatory education can be found in Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, trans. from the Spanish by Myra Bergman Ramos, new ed. (2000), and Pedagogy of Freedom: Ethics, Democracy, and Civic Courage, trans. from the Spanish by Patrick Clarke (1998, reissued 2001). Philip Coombs, The World Educational Crisis: A Systems Analysis (1968), calls attention to the role of systematic “nonformal” education, and Attacking Rural Poverty: How Nonformal Education Can Help (1974), presents follow-up case studies. Ivan Illich, Deschooling Society (1971, reissued 1996), offers an iconoclastic view. UNESCO 2008 EFA, Global Monitoring Report, Education for All by 2015. Will We Make It? assesses the international movement dedicated to the improvement and expansion of educational opportunities for all individuals.Robert F. Arnove